Evaluation and surgical outcome of acquired nonaccommodative esotropia among older children

Li, Bo; Sharan, Sapna

doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2017.07.021

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…[4,18] Recent studies have reported that AACE may occur in the absence of an associated neurological pathology in children and adults (Table 4). [3,10,[19][20][21][22] This is consistent with the present study, which reported a series of patients presenting with AACE who had no other ocular or neurological abnormalities and whose evaluation did not identify any intracranial pathology that would explain acute onset strabismus. None of the patients had medical ailments.…”

Section: Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropiasupporting

confidence: 92%

Possibility of Neurological Diseases Associated with Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia

Montriwet¹

2023

Korean J Ophthalmol

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This study investigated the possibility of neurological etiologies causing acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) and to evaluate the differences in clinical features between younger children, older children, and adults. Methods:In this retrospective analysis, patients who had been diagnosed with AACE between July 2017 and June 2021 were included. Data on clinical findings, medical history, brain or orbital imaging, and ophthalmological and orthoptic examinations were retrieved from medical records and analyzed.Patients were divided into three groups based on their age: younger children (<10 years), older children (10-18 years), and adults (>18 years).Results: Overall, 41 patients with AACE (15 females and 26 males) were examined. Most patients were children. Mild hyperopia was observed in children, while adults had moderate to high myopia. The mean angle of esotropia at a distance fixation was 43.57±9.77, 51.54±8.75, and 30.14±12.39 prism diopters (PD) in younger children, older children, and adult groups, respectively. The mean angle of esotropia at a near fixation was 43.57±9.37, 51.15±9.39, and 31.43±12.15 PD in younger children, older children, and adult groups, respectively. Significant differences were found in the mean angles of esotropia in patients with AACE at both near and far distances according to their age (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Among 36 patients with previous neuroimaging data, none had AACE secondary to intracranial lesions. Over two years, five patients who were under continuous observation did not develop any neurological abnormalities. Conclusion:AACE was more common in children than in adults. The angle of deviation was larger in children than in adults. Coexisting or underlying neurological diseases were not present in patients with Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia isolated AACE, which eliminated the need for neuroimaging. Continuous follow-up evaluations are warranted when signs of intracranial disease are observed in patients who have not undergone an imaging investigation.

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Section: Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropiasupporting

confidence: 92%

Possibility of Neurological Diseases Associated with Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia

Montriwet¹

2023

Korean J Ophthalmol

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“…Li et al investigated ANAET patients above the age of 8 years, and all patients reported symptoms of diplopia and large-angle esotropia, which were remarkably similar to adolescent AACE patients. 31 Similar to previous studies, the younger children in this study had mild to moderate hyperopia and complained of diplopia 2,32−34 . Few adult patients recalled that the experienced intermittent diplopia, but the condition was concealed until the onset of acute diplopia symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The difference in clinical features of acute acquired concomitant esotropia between adolescents and adults

Chen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background To compare the clinical features of acute acquired concomitant esotropia (AACE) between adolescents and adults. Methods A monocentric, prospective, and observational cohort study. Clinical features analysis was stratified by age, which was defined as adolescent group (age < 18 years) and an adult group (age ≥ 18 years). Refractive status, the angles of esotropia, angles of deviation at near and far, diplopia, and stereopsis were evaluated between the two groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically different. Results There were 59 patients in the adult group (31 males and 28 females; mean age 29.86 ± 9.64 years), and 42 patients in the adolescent group (29 males and 13 females; mean age 11.57 ± 3.98 years). The age was positively correlated with disease duration (Kendall's tau-b = 0.305), fusional function (Kendall's tau-b = 0.194), and distance stereopsis (Kendall's tau-b = 0.240). The age was negatively correlated with spherical equivalent-right eye(SE-Right) (Kendall's tau-b=-0.305), spherical equivalent-left eye(SE-Left) (Kendall's tau-b=-0.334), the angles of deviation at near (Kendall's tau-b=-0.336) and the angles of deviation at distance (Kendall's tau-b=-0.360). The refractive state of different age groups was significantly different (χ2 = 17.649, p < 0.001). The angles of esotropia in the adolescent group were significantly larger than the adult group (p < 0.001). There were no statistical differences between the two groups for distance stereopsis (χ2 = 2.143, P = 0.143) and near stereopsis (χ2 = 0.671, p = 0. 413). Conclusions AACE has diverse clinical features between the adolescent and adult groups. The adult group presented showed more myopia and smaller angles of esotropia compared to the adolescent, which may be related to different pathogenesis and different eye habits.

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“…The treatment of AACE was prism, botulinum toxin A and surgery. 23,24 Active treatment can restore binocular vision in some AACE patients. Patients with a small angle of deviation can be treated with prism therapy, and strabismus surgery is suitable for those with a large angle of deviation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics and aetiology of acute acquired comitant esotropia

Meng

Huang

et al. 2021

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Evaluation and surgical outcome of acquired nonaccommodative esotropia among older children

Abstract: Diplopia is the most common presenting symptom among older children presenting with ANAET. Bilateral medial recession surgery achieved excellent postoperative results with resolution of diplopia and excellent stereopsis.

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Possibility of Neurological Diseases Associated with Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia

Possibility of Neurological Diseases Associated with Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia

The difference in clinical features of acute acquired concomitant esotropia between adolescents and adults

Clinical characteristics and aetiology of acute acquired comitant esotropia

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