Evaluation and scenario simulation for forest ecological security in China

Zhang, Qin; Wang, Guangyu; Feng, Min; Zhang, Xuanchang; Xu, Lianzhen; Zhang, Yufang; Jiang, Xiaoli

doi:10.1007/s11676-018-0773-8

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Because these four studies are all based on the NFI data, the differences of results are relatively small. The change trend of forest carbon storage in different periods in China obtained by Zhang et al 43 is basically consistent with this study, but the values are systematically smaller. In addition to the negative bias of the models adopted, there are also the following differences: First, the forest data of Zhang et al 43 in 1949 and 1950-1962 did not include those in Tibet; Secondly, the forest data in 1977-1981, 1984-1988, 1989-1993 and 1994-1998 only included part of data in Tibet.…”

Section: Carbon Changessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Only one evaluation index, R 2 33,44 or R 35 , was provided, and no other evaluation indices in terms of error were provided, so its applicability was doubtful. Zhang et al 43 established 21 power function models between biomass and volume of individual trees according to 3 types in 7 regions by using the data of 7,533 sample trees for different tree species, and used them for biomass and carbon storage estimation of different forest types. Although the problem of insufficient sample size has been solved, the problem of scale inconsistency exists when tree-level models of different species are treated as stand-level models for carbon storage estimation of different forest types, thus scale conversion must be carried out by appropriate approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating Changes of Forest Carbon Storage in China for 70 years (1949-2018)

Zeng

Yang

2023

Preprint

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Stand level biomass carbon model is an important tool for forest resource inventory and monitoring. Developing biomass carbon models for major forest types in China not only provide a scientific basis for estimating forest carbon storage changes at national level, but also provide an important reference for estimating forest carbon storage and carbon sequestration potential at regional and global levels. In this paper, based on the measured data of 52,700 permanent plots from the 9th national forest inventory (NFI) of China, the biomass and carbon storage per hectare were firstly calculated according to the tree biomass models and carbon factors of 35 tree species groups. Then, stand level volume-derived biomass and carbon storage models were developed for 20 forest types by using the approach of simultaneous equations with error-in-variables. Secondly, based on the developed biomass and carbon models of 20 forest types, using the data of 1st to 9th NFIs of China and the area and volume data of different forest types in 1949 and 1950-1962, the forest carbon storages in different periods in the past 70 years and the carbon storages of planted forest in the past 40 years were estimated. Results showed that the determination coefficients (R2) of the developed biomass and carbon models of 20 forest types were more than 0.87, the total relative errors (TREs) were close to 0, and the mean prediction errors (MPEs) were less than 3% (less than 1% for 8 forest types). From the results of independent cross-validation, the TREs were within ±3% except one model, and the average systematic errors (ASEs) were all within ±5%. China's forest carbon storage was 5.89Pg in 1949, and decreased to the lowest level of 4.90Pg in the late 1970s. With the implementation of large-scale afforestation and key forestry programs such as natural forest protection, China's forest carbon storage gradually increased to 8.69Pg in the 9th NFI. Over the past 40 years, China's forest carbon storage has increased by 3.79Pg, of which 2.25Pg was from natural forest and 1.54Pg from planted forest. The applicability of three sets of published biomass models were tested with the data from this study, and it was found that there were large biases for all models, but the estimated results would be improved with the increase of modeling sample size. The biomass and carbon storage models of 20 forest types in China developed in this study would provide a quantitative basis for accurately estimating status and changes of forest carbon storage at national and regional levels. In the past 70 years, China's forest carbon storage has shown a U-shaped development trend. Both afforestation and natural forest protection have made great contributions to the increase of forest carbon storage in China.

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Section: Carbon Changessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Changes of Forest Carbon Storage in China for 70 years (1949-2018)

Zeng

Yang

2023

Preprint

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“…Human influence can be divided into the pressure on the forest ecosystem caused by human activities and the response measures taken to improve the state of the forest ecosystem. Therefore, on the basis of relevant studies [17,18,38], in this study, we started from the conceptual connotation of forest ecological security and constructed an evaluation index system encompassing the three aspects of pressure, state, and response, with the support of the PSR model (Table 1). Pressure indicators were used to describe the negative effects of human activities on the forest ecosystem, including population per unit forest area, human interference index, forestry industrial structure index, land desertification intensity, sulfur dioxide emission intensity, and industrial wastewater discharge intensity.…”

Section: The Forest Ecological Security Evaluation Index Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ecological security includes forest ecological security [17][18][19], land ecological security [20][21][22], landscape ecological security [23][24][25], and water ecological security [26][27][28]. Among the numerous studies of forest ecological security, global research focuses mainly on forest health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous Transmission Mechanism and Spatial Effect of Forest Ecological Security in China

Cai

Bin

LYU

2021

Forests

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Forest ecological security is an important component of ecological security and national security, and it is a requirement for the sustainable development of the forestry economy. In this study, based on the pressure–state–response (PSR) model, an evaluation index system of forest ecological security was constructed regarding three aspects: the pressure on the forest ecosystem caused by human activities, the state of the forest ecosystem, and the response measures taken by humans to protect the forest ecosystem. The forest ecological security and its pressure, state, and response in 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China from 2004 to 2018 were evaluated. Furthermore, with the help of a mediating effect model, the Moran index, and a spatial econometric model, the interaction relationship, spatial correlation effect, and spatial spillover effect of the pressure–state–response of forest ecological security were analyzed. The results showed the following: First, during the study period, the forest ecological security of most provinces was at sensitive and critical safety levels, and the forest ecological security level in Northeast and Southwest China was generally higher than that in Northwest and East China. Second, regarding the pressure, state, and response of forest ecological security, the pressure was generally low but with an increasing trend, the state was relatively good with continuous improvement, and the response was clearly insufficient and showed a fluctuating downward trend. Third, there were six different transmission mechanisms between pressure, state, and response of forest ecological security, among which there were significant transmission barriers between pressure and response. Given these findings, we propose suggestions to promote the improvement of forest ecological security in China.

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“…The forest ecosystem and climate are mutually reinforcing, and the changes of both will have an impact on each other [11]. Forest ecological system has an extremely high stability; however, with the constant growth of population and development of economy, more and more human activities has resulted in the overuse of forest resources, which brings severe threatens to the forest ecological system [12].…”

Section: Overview Of Forest Ecological Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and Protection of Forest Ecological Tourism Resources by Dynamic Monitoring System

Lin

2019

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Forest can adjust climate and provide resources for the development of the society and tourism as well as promote the progress of human civilization, which is of great significance to the survival and development of human beings. With the industrial development and the improvement of people’s living standard, the development strength on forest resources is becoming higher than ever before. As forest resources are important resources which can maintain the ecological balance of the earth, its monitoring and protection is necessary. Hence, remote sensing technology has been developed for monitoring the changes of forest resources, which has the quickness characteristics and real-time spatial information acquisition and analysis capacities. This paper firstly introduced the geographical location, geomorphology, climate status, soil and vegetation types of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province and the basic theory of remote sensing monitoring such as vegetation spectral reflectance and normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI). Then, the NDVI was used to analyse the vegetation coverage and area ratio of Zhangjiakou City in 2006, 2010 and 2016. It was found that the vegetation coverage during the ten years from 2006 to 2016 showed an overall trend of growth. Conclusions: It is concluded that dynamic monitoring can effectively monitor and protect forest vegetation, which provided ideas for the follow-up forestry planning and ecological tourism development in Zhangjiakou.

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Evaluation and scenario simulation for forest ecological security in China

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Estimating Changes of Forest Carbon Storage in China for 70 years (1949-2018)

Estimating Changes of Forest Carbon Storage in China for 70 years (1949-2018)

Endogenous Transmission Mechanism and Spatial Effect of Forest Ecological Security in China

Monitoring and Protection of Forest Ecological Tourism Resources by Dynamic Monitoring System

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