Evaluation and monitoring of water diffusion into stone porous materials by means of innovative IR thermography techniques

Ludwig, Nicola; Rosina, Elisabetta; Sansonetti, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2017.09.002

Cited by 27 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, from an image with the pixels representing different temperature values of the surface under study, IRT is a technique with a wide range of applications [26]: (1) civil engineering and buildings [1,15,[17][18][19]22], (2) IRT applied to different types of material [22,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33], (3) industrial applications [34][35][36], (4) environment [37][38][39] and (5) biomedical applications [40][41][42][43]. In the following subsection, a brief review with regard to the most recent IRT works that detect moisture areas affecting the surfaces of different construction materials is described.…”

Section: Bilateral Filtering Technique Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it will contribute as additional information in multi-technique studies that analyse materials of structures with special interest of conservation. For instance, [19] integrates IRT and the water absorption test by contact sponge allowing to determine the origin of the absorption and the diffusion and evaporation of water that vary the texture of the surface analysed. [20] integrates the reflectography technique and IRT allowing to detect of features such as underdrawings and sketches on paintings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automatic detection of moistures in different construction materials from thermographic images

Garrido

Lagüela

Сфарра

et al. 2019

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Moisture is a pathology that damages all type of construction materials, from materials of building envelopes to materials of bridges. Its presence can negatively affect the users' conditions of indoor comfort. Furthermore, heating and cooling energy demand can be increased by the presence of moist materials. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a common technique in the scientific field to detect moisture areas, because of its non-destructive, non-contact nature. In addition, IRT allows an earlier moisture detection compared to the analysis using visible images. In order to optimize thermographic inspections, this paper presents one of the first methodologies for the automatic detection of moisture areas affecting the surface of construction materials. The methodology is based on the application of visible image processing techniques adapted to thermographic images through the consideration of an image conversion format, a thermal criterion and a thermal and a geometric filter. The precision, recall and F-score parameters obtained are around 83.5%, 73.5% and 72.5%, respectively, considering the false positives/negatives through a series of 12 tests made in different construction materials and ambient conditions, comparing the preliminary results with existing methodologies. Keywords Moisture Á Infrared thermography Á Automation Á Adapted visible image processing Á Construction materials Á Different environmental conditions & I. Garrido

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Section: Bilateral Filtering Technique Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic detection of moistures in different construction materials from thermographic images

Garrido

Lagüela

Сфарра

et al. 2019

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…The capillary water uptake can be followed by IRT since the variation of emittance in wet porous materials allows the movement of water to be visualised on stone sur-faces [36,81]. Regarding the fresh stones, the thermographs showed a correlation between porosity and water absorption by capillarity [37,38], with a faster rise in the chalk, whilst slower in the sandstone and the granites, with a stabilisation of the wet fringe at the middle of the samples.…”

Section: Irt As a Tool To Detect Microstructural Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IRT allows one to visualise the fluid flow [36][37][38][39], and to quantify the thermal kinetics of the rocks. They are directly related to porosity [40][41][42] or decay state [43], and, consequently, a heated stone will reach the temperature equilibrium with the environment faster with higher porosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Infrared Thermography on the Measurement of Microstructural Changes of Reservoir Rocks Induced by Temperature

et al. 2021

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A variation of temperature produces a change in the microstructure of the rock due to the mineral thermal expansion and its residual strain. Depending on the temperature cycle and texture, microstresses may lead to the development of preexistent cracks or the creation of a new and irreversible cracking. The effect of temperature on reservoir rocks is an important topic since it conditions the permeability and the fluid flow. Two main questions arise from this: the first is if an irreversible cracking threshold is attained in the reservoir rocks at low temperature geothermal systems (around 100 °C); the second one is about the influence of thermal fatigue by the repetition of heating–cooling cycles on the different rock types. To answer these questions, four reservoir rocks (chalk, sandstone, fresh granite, and weathered granite) were submitted to two different thermal regimes. The first test was conceived to detect the irreversible cracking threshold, and for that, the rocks were submitted to progressive heating (90°, 100°, 110°, 120°, and 130 °C). The second test consisted of doing cycles of fast heating of the samples up to 200 °C. The microstructure variation was assessed by means of a scanning electron microscope, mercury porosimetry, and capillary water uptake combined with passive infrared thermography. Infrared thermography is an emerging tool in the field of rock study, used to detect water masses or determine thermal properties. The water transfer during the capillary tests of the rocks, before and after the tests, was monitored with this technique. In addition, the cooling rate index, a non-destructive parameter to detect cracking development, was calculated. The results made it possible to differentiate the behaviours in relation to the rock type, with a chalk and a weathered granite less susceptible to thermal stresses than a fresh granite and sandstone. In addition, infrared thermography resulted in being a very useful indirect technique to detect the changes on the surface, although they do not always correlate to the bulk microstructural changes.

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“…In this study, the infrared thermography technique (IRT) is used to better individuate the water absorption/desorption of different stones simulating real conditions. A not so frequent approach is pursued focusing on water exchange properties of capillary rise uptake and evaporation of two different stones, with the aim of simulating masonry prototypes in laboratory as well as integrating traditional standardized techniques with nondestructive IRT [2], [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Thermography technique (IRT) for the evaluation of the hydric behavior of building stones

Forestieri

Buergo

2018

ACTA IMEKO

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The water distribution into stone specimens in laboratory conditions is evaluated through the infrared thermography method (IRT). Porous building stones samples (calcarenite and sandstone) are examined under stable laboratory conditions (controlled temperature and relative humidity) in order to simulate the same hydric behavior in real scale of material systems <em>in situ.</em> Hydric tests monitored through IRT are performed in order to analyze the capillary water absorption and evaporation transport phenomena into stone samples. IRT technique allows to record thermal images at different intervals of time highlighting the internal capillary and evaporation rise heights, responsible for the majority of decay processes occurring in masonries. The geometric shape of the damped area and the time of spreading are directly related to the open porosity of the investigated stone materials. Hydric tests are repeated for each splitting plane of the specimens (faces), in order to obtain useful results that could be applied for real masonries. Results demonstrate the usefulness of IRT as a non-destructive and portable technique in the field of new construction and for restoration purposes, as well as its importance in characterizing the physical stone features and the effectiveness of applied conservation treatments.

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Evaluation and monitoring of water diffusion into stone porous materials by means of innovative IR thermography techniques

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Automatic detection of moistures in different construction materials from thermographic images

Automatic detection of moistures in different construction materials from thermographic images

The Use of Infrared Thermography on the Measurement of Microstructural Changes of Reservoir Rocks Induced by Temperature

Infrared Thermography technique (IRT) for the evaluation of the hydric behavior of building stones

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