Evaluation and Characterization of Transdermal Therapeutic Systems: An Exhaustive Pictorial and Figurative Review

Abstract

The patches were dissolved in the respective solvent and the drug content was determined by UV spectrophotometry 1,2. UV Analysis The medicated and blank formulations were filtered through Whatman filter paper no. 42 and scanned spectrophotometrically at the range of 200-400 nm 2 .

Analytical Techniques for the Characterization of Bioactive Coatings for Orthopaedic Implants

“…In addition, they reduce the experimental time, lower expenses, and are undoubtedly more ethical. Much research effort has been invested into the development of appropriate in vitro release testing methods and technologies to ensure simplicity, batch-to-batch reproducibility, and comparability with real in vivo body conditions [ 202 , 203 ]. In this regard, a variety of methods have been developed for in vitro drug release testing, generally involving the immersion of the carrier containing the selected drug in the prepared dissolution media, such as SBF, under well-defined conditions.…”

“…This step is followed by sampling at different time intervals, supplying fresh dissolution media, the filtration/centrifugation of the sample taken [ 204 ], and drug detection in the sample using UV-Vis spectroscopy [ 108 ], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [ 40 ], or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 92 ]. Seven variants of United States Pharmacopeia (USP) apparatuses [ 202 ] (USP apparatus type I is shown on Figure 5 ) or other designs (e.g., Franz diffusion cells) are currently the most frequently used for in vitro drug release testing [ 57 , 203 ].…”

The Effect of Nanobubbles on Transdermal Applications

“…From the Franz Cell experiments, aliquots (1 mL) were extracted from the receptor chamber at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h. Measurements of samples taken from the Franz Cell are analyzed in the UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a 1:2 dilution for the serum containing HA [ 47 ]. Figure 2 shows the result.…”