Analytical Techniques for the Characterization of Bioactive Coatings for Orthopaedic Implants

Kravanja, Katja Andrina; Finšgar, Matjaž

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9121936

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…Their diameter also depends on the interaction with each group: 50.33 nm for veneer, 41 nm for inlay, and 43.66 nm for crown. These values are consistent with the data in the literature [ 44 , 45 ]. Tiefenfluorid’s restoration of the enamel surface is comparable with some of our previous results [ 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Human Enamel Fluorination Enhancement by Photodynamic Laser Treatment

et al. 2022

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Poor oral hygiene leads to serious damages of theteeth’s surface enamel such as micro-abrasions and acid erosion. These alterations combined with bacterial plaque result in cavity appearance. Prophylactic measures include various techniques for enamel surface restoration. Fluorination is one of the most important treatments for this purpose. Therefore, in the present research, we investigated the classical fluorination treatment compared with laser photodynamic fluorination performed on human enamel samples with poor surface quality. Three sample groups were investigated: veneer (F), inlay (I), and crowns (C). The general morphologic aspect was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the specific details such as the fine microstructure and nanostructure were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) of the surface roughness. The samples were also investigated by Fourier transformed infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) to evidence the fluorination effect on the enamel surface. Results showed that all initial samples had an altered state with micro-abrasions and erosion with mineral loss, which increase the surface roughness. The F group was the most damaged, having a higher roughness, and the I group was less damaged. Classic fluorination treatment partially restored the enamel by local re-mineralization, but did not obtain the parameters of healthy enamel. However, a significant decrease of the roughness was observed (statistical relevance p = 0.001 with the Breusch–Pagan Test). This fact was supported by the presence of newly formed fluorides in the FTIR-ATR spectra. The photodynamic laser fluorination restores the enamel in an enhanced manner by a strong re-mineralization, which implies a significant roughness value decrease comparable to healthy enamel. The Breusch–Pagan Test confirmed the relevance with p = 0.001. This is due to an extended re-mineralization abundant in fluoride crystals as observed by AFM and FTIR. Statistical p-values regarding laser application were in the range of 0.02–0.06, supporting its relevance in the fluorination effect. The final conclusion is that the photodynamic effect is able to favor the newly formed fluoride deposition onto the affected sites of the enamel surface.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Human Enamel Fluorination Enhancement by Photodynamic Laser Treatment

et al. 2022

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“…This difference in final surface rigidity could correlate with the assembled rhBMP-2 state analyzed from TOF-SIMS ( Figure 5 , red triangles and green squares). The usefulness of combining these two techniques for protein–material interaction and orientation analyses has been reported [ 44 , 45 ]. They are complementary, although TOF-SIMS measurements are carried out under ultra-high vacuum, whereas QCM-D provides data collected in an aqueous environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of the Topmost Layer and the Type of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Immobilization on the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Response

Wytrwał-Sarna

Sekuła-Stryjewska

Pomorska

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) plays a key role in the stem cell response, not only via its influence on osteogenesis, but also on cellular adhesion, migration, and proliferation. However, when applied clinically, its supra-physiological levels cause many adverse effects. Therefore, there is a need to concomitantly retain the biological activity of BMP-2 and reduce its doses. Currently, the most promising strategies involve site-specific and site-directed immobilization of rhBMP-2. This work investigated the covalent and electrostatic binding of rhBMP-2 to ultrathin-multilayers with chondroitin sulfate (CS) or diazoresin (DR) as the topmost layer. Angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to study the exposed chemical groups. The rhBMP-2 binding efficiency and protein state were studied with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Quartz crystal microbalance, atomic force microscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to analyze protein–substrate interactions. The effect of the topmost layer was tested on initial cell adhesion and short-term osteogenesis marker expression. The results show the highest expression of selected osteomarkers in cells cultured on the DR-ended layer, while the cellular flattening was rather poor compared to the CS-ended system. rhBMP-2 adhesion was observed only on negatively charged layers. Cell flattening became more prominent in the presence of the protein, even though the osteogenic gene expression decreased.

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“…Because each functional group of molecules has a specific vibrating spectrum when detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [ 27 ], attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) is used to analyze the chemical compositions and functional groups of material surfaces [ 28 ]. Since X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can analyze binding energies of elements, XPS is used to determine qualitative information on elemental compositions and the valence state of the elements on the material surfaces [ 29 ]. The disks of 3Y-TZP, 3Y-TZP with APA, 3Y-TZP with GCSD and LDGC (n = 3) were examined with X-ray diffraction (XRD, X-pert Powder, PANalytical B.V., Holland) using Cu kα radiation (λ = 1.54 Å) with 2θ range of 5–90° at 0.026°/step and 19.89 s photon counting time per step and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR, Nicolet iS10, Thermo Scientific, USA) in a range of 4000 to 400 cm-1 in air at room temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The failure modes of the fractured specimens were analyzed with an optical microscopy (Olympus BX53, Olympus Corp, Japan) and with SEM (GeminiSEM 300, Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Germany). The failure mode was classified as follows: for Type 1 (adhesive failure), cement was invisible on the fractured ceramic surface; for Type 2 (mixed failure), partial cement and partial ceramic residues were visible on the fractured surface; for Type 3 (cohesive failure), almost all of the fractured ceramic surfaces were covered with cement [ 29 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Surface Treatments on Zirconia Bond Strength and Durability

Shen

Wang

Shi

et al. 2023

JFB

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To evaluate the effects of airborne particle abrasion (APA) combined with MDP-containing resin cement, a glass-ceramic spray deposition (GCSD) method on the shear bond strengths (SBSs) and durability of 3 mol% yttrium oxide-stabilized zirconia ceramic (3Y-TZP) compared with lithium disilicate glass ceramics (LDGC). 3Y-TZP disks were randomly treated as follows: for Group APA+MDP, 3Y-TZP was abrased using 50 μm Al2O3 particles under 0.1 Mpa and bonded with MDP-containing resin cement; for Group GCSD, 3Y-TZP was treated with the GCSD method, etched by 5% HF for 90 s, silanized and bonded with resin cement without MDP. Group LDGC was bonded as the Group GCSD. X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) were used to analyze the surface chemical and micro-morphological changes of the ceramics before bonding. The bonded ceramic specimens were randomly divided into subgroups, and the SBSs were determined before and after 10,000 thermocycling. The SBSs were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA analysis. Failure modes were determined with optical microscopy and SEM. The XRD, ATR-FTIR and XPS results identified the formation of lithium disilicate and zirconium silicate on 3Y-TZP after GCSD. The SEM micrographs revealed that 3Y-TZP surfaces were roughened by APA, while 3Y-TZP with GCSD and LDGC surfaces could be etched by HF to be porous. The APA treatment combined with MDP-containing resin cement produced the high immediate zirconia shear bond strengths (SBSs: 37.41 ± 13.51 Mpa) that was similar to the SBSs of the LDGC (34.87 ± 11.02 Mpa, p > 0.05), but, after thermocycling, the former dramatically decreased (24.00 ± 6.86 Mpa, maximum reduction by 35.85%) and the latter exhibited the highest SBSs (30.72 ± 7.97 Mpa, minimum reduction by 11.9%). The 3Y-TZP with GCSD treatment displayed the lower zirconia SBSs before thermocycling (27.03 ± 9.76 Mpa, p < 0.05), but it was similar to the 3Y-TZP treated with APA and MDP containing resin cement after thermocycling (21.84 ± 7.03 vs. 24.00 ± 6.86 Mpa, p > 0.05). The APA combined with MDP-containing resin cement could achieve the high immediate zirconia SBSs of those of the LDGC, but it decreased significantly after thermocycling. The GCSD technique could yield the immediate zirconia SBSs similar to those of LDGC before thermocycling, and long-term zirconia SBSs were similar to those of 3Y-TZP treated with APA followed by MDP-containing resin cement after thermocycling. Hence, the GCSD technique could enrich zirconia surface treatments and is an alternative to zirconia surface pretreatment for 3Y-TZP bond durability.

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Analytical Techniques for the Characterization of Bioactive Coatings for Orthopaedic Implants

Cited by 17 publications

References 208 publications

Human Enamel Fluorination Enhancement by Photodynamic Laser Treatment

Human Enamel Fluorination Enhancement by Photodynamic Laser Treatment

The Effect of the Topmost Layer and the Type of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Immobilization on the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Response

The Effect of Surface Treatments on Zirconia Bond Strength and Durability

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