Evaluation and Adaption of the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS) for Assessment in Competitive Sports

Abstract

The demands of a career in competitive sports can lead to chronic stress perception among athletes if there is a non-conformity of requirements and available coping resources. The Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS) (Schulz et al., 2004) is said to be thoroughly validated. Nevertheless, it has not yet been subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. The present study aims (1) to evaluate the factorial validity of the TICS within the context of competitive sports and (2) to adapt a short version (TICS-36). The total sample consisted of 564 athletes (age in years: M = 19.1, SD = 3.70). The factor structure of the original TICS did not adequately fit the present data, whereas the short version presented a satisfactory fit. The results indicate that the TICS-36 is an economical instrument for gathering interpretable information about chronic stress. For assessment in competitive sports with TICS-36, we generated overall and gender-specific norm values.

Emotion and sport performance: Stress, anxiety, arousal, and choking.

“…Much as the emotion of athletes can be assessed, both using objective assessments (i.e., physiological, biochemical, and cardiovascular/respiratory measures) and subjective measures (i.e., self-report measures of anxiety, stress, and arousal, the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress; Sallen, Hirschmann, & Herrmann, 2018), the outcome of athletic performance can be measured using both objective and subjective methods. Athletic performance is often a key variable of interest in research relating to stress, anxiety, and arousal in sport psychology.…”

“…Months of excessive training and insufficient recovery time can result in chronic stress, as can performance demands from coaches, persistent interpersonal conflicts with team members, and long-term injuries. In the literature, these have also been referred to as work overload, social overload, social tensions, pressure to perform, and chronic worrying (Sallen, Hirschmann, & Herrmann, 2018). Thus, acute stress experienced with high frequency or successively over time may lead to the development of chronic stress if the athlete is not able to return to a resting state between acute stressors (Dhabhar, 2012).…”

The impact of international society on mental health, performance and development of athlete

“…The most common cause of stress is known to be an emotional stimulus (Astalos et al, 2012;Wagstaff et al, 2013). In sports, it can be trauma, overwork, competition, a moral climate in the team, as well as conducting various checks, including doping control (Sallen et al, 2018).…”

Athletes’ resistance to chronic stress: the dynamics of psychological regulation

“…-социальная изоляция; -хроническое и непреодолимое беспокойство [2]. Как значимый ресурс преодоления стресса рассматриваются свойства личности человека.…”

“…В исследованиях зарубежных спортсменов отмечено также, что уровень хронического стресса более высок у женщин. Это объясняется их большей склонностью анализировать свои переживания, более высокой по сравнению с мужчинами чувствительностью к стрессорам, более ответственным отношением к подготовке, побуждающей их больше времени посвящать тренировкам [9]. В связи с проблемой профессионального долголетия спортсменов важно отметить, что многие причины хронического стресса спортсмены характеризуют и как побудители к прекращению спортивной карьеры.…”