Evaluating turnout composite layering strategies for reducing thermal burden in structural firefighter protective clothing systems

McQuerry, Meredith; DenHartog, Emiel; Barker, Roger L.

doi:10.1177/0040517516651101

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…As summarized in Table 3, the average overall ensemble volume is much bigger than previously reported [4,69,70], but do roughly correspond to study done by McQuerry et al [71], although this study was done on three-layer combinations for fire protection with much bigger ease allowances added. This was expected since most of the studies do not report the measurements for three-layered ensembles.…”

Section: Volume Calculations and Their Impact On The Effective Thermasupporting

confidence: 84%

The Study on Effects of Walking on the Thermal Properties of Clothing and Subjective Comfort

Špelić

Rogale

Bogdanić

2020

Autex Research Journal

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Former studies done by other authors investigated the first- and second-layered air gaps beneath the clothing garments. None of the previous studies reported multidisciplinary clothing design testing approach linking both the objective measuring methods and subjective responses, while testing the thermal properties linked to a microclimatic volume formed between the layers of garments forming the ensemble. Neither was determined the limiting value of the microclimatic volume for outerwear garments, after which the thermal insulation will start to decrease due to convection. By taking the advantage of the precise three-dimensional (3D) body scanning technology and reverse engineering 3D CAD tool, the volume of the microclimatic air layers formed under outerwear garments was determined to study the impact of the ensemble’s microclimatic volume on the overall insulation value, measured by means of the thermal manikin. The jacket with the smaller microclimatic volume provided 5.2–13.5% less insulation than wider jackets, while the ensembles with tighter jackets showed 0.74–1.9% less insulation in static and 0.9– 2.7% more insulation in dynamic conditions, thus proving that the limiting value of the microclimatic volume is greater than previously reported for three-layered ensembles. The effective thermal insulation value was reduced in average by 20.98–25.34% between standing and moving manikins. The thermal manikins are designed for steadystate measurements and do not work well under transient conditions, so three human subjects were employed as evaluators of the clothing thermal quality. In cooler climatic conditions, the measured physiological parameters and subjects’ grades pointed to discomfort while wearing ensembles with tighter jackets.

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Section: Volume Calculations and Their Impact On The Effective Thermasupporting

confidence: 84%

The Study on Effects of Walking on the Thermal Properties of Clothing and Subjective Comfort

Špelić

Rogale

Bogdanić

2020

Autex Research Journal

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“…Manikin thermal resistance ( R t ), evaporative resistance ( R et ), and MTHL results of the individual garment layers have been previously published in a preceding article. 29 This data is shown in Table 2. The TL had the highest MTHL on the sweating manikin in both the static (117.5 W/m 2 ) and dynamic (265.1 W/m 2 ) test conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of air gap volume in structural firefighter turnout suit constructions in relation to heat loss

McQuerry

DenHartog

Barker

2017

Textile Research Journal

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Air layers in multi-layer firefighter clothing ensembles resist heat transfer from the body to the environment. By reducing the volume of air between clothing layers, heat loss may be improved throughout the multi-layer firefighter turnout suit clothing system, potentially leading to reduced heat strain for the wearer. This research utilized a systems-level approach to the methodology in order to measure the effects of fabric properties and garment air gap dimensions on clothing system heat loss through specially configured turnout suit constructions. One experimental configuration incorporated a tight fitting stretchable moisture barrier garment. Another construction used thermal knit underwear to represent a closer fitting thermal liner. Air gap surface area, volume, and thickness were estimated using three-dimensional body scanning. This study showed the significant impact of fabric air permeability and clothing air gap volume on heat loss through structural firefighter suits. Tested individually, the tighter fitting moisture barrier construction permitted greater heat loss in comparison to the traditional fit moisture barrier. Heat loss differences associated with moisture barrier fit were not observed when the moisture barriers were configured in the three-layer turnout clothing system. This research showed that microclimate air gap volume is strongly correlated with total heat loss. It confirmed the significant impact of clothing air layers on heat loss through firefighter turnout systems.

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“…For the multilayered materials, MCM's R ct (0.12 m 2 Á C/W) was slightly higher, while the value for R et (117.71 m 2 ÁPa/W) was lower than those of MCPL (see Table 1); this is because the inner layer material (i.e., hemp fabric) showed the highest thermal and lowest evaporative resistances (Huang, 2006;McQuerry et al, 2017). Therefore, permeable materials are closely related to higher R ct and lower R et in comparison to impermeable materials.…”

Section: Heat and Moisture Transfer Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Multilayered Cellulosic Material as a Leather Alternative in the Footwear Industry

Nam

Lee

2018

Clothing and Textiles Research Journal

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The purpose of this study was to develop a biodegradable material that could be used as a leather alternative material for the footwear industry, leading to reduce the negative environmental impact. Using an experimental research design, the researchers developed a multilayered cellulosic material (MCM) by bonding nonwoven cellulosic fiber mat, denim fabric, and hemp fabric and examined its properties compared with those of two-layered leathers, consisting of calf and pigskins (multilayered calf and pigskin leather [MCPL]), often used in the footwear industry. We hypothesized these two materials would have similar properties. No significant mean differences were found between MCM and MCPL in total heat loss and break force. The values of air permeability, evaporative potential, and permeability index of MCM were higher than those of MCPL. The findings of this study confirm the effectiveness of MCM for use as a leather alternative material when developing sustainable shoes and provide insights to the footwear industry.

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Evaluating turnout composite layering strategies for reducing thermal burden in structural firefighter protective clothing systems

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

The Study on Effects of Walking on the Thermal Properties of Clothing and Subjective Comfort

The Study on Effects of Walking on the Thermal Properties of Clothing and Subjective Comfort

Analysis of air gap volume in structural firefighter turnout suit constructions in relation to heat loss

Multilayered Cellulosic Material as a Leather Alternative in the Footwear Industry

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