Evaluating the Use and Communication of Seismic Hazard Maps: A Case Study of Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Fyfe, Meredith; Molnar, Sheri

doi:10.2495/risk200141

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This may have made it easier to identify these cities as having a medium (and sufficiently important) hazard level. Furthermore, these classes were orange in the redesign and blue or green in the baseline; as found in multiple studies (Fyfe and Molnar, 2020;Miran et al, 2017;Thompson et al, 2015), orange may be better associated in Western cultures with damaging hazard than blue/green.…”

Section: Assessing the Redesigned German Seismic Hazard Mapmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In Padilla et al (2016), participants saw elevation maps using either continuous or discrete classification schemes and were more error-prone with the continuous map compared to the discrete maps, particularly for tasks requiring a steepness judgment. Marti et al (2019) also found that participants had complaints about the continuous color scale the authors used in their seismic hazard maps and suggested that a discrete map would be more effective, as was echoed by Fyfe and Molnar (2020).…”

Section: Criteria For Selecting Color Palettesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Gaspar-Escribano and Iturrioz (2011) provide a series of general guidelines they call "experience-based" regarding which hazard parameters to map and how to select colors and graphical elements for seismic hazard maps. These issues are also highlighted in Fyfe and Molnar (2020), who investigate candidate seismic hazard maps for the Vancouver, Canada metro area with a stakeholder workshop and survey. The authors identify three key factors for effective visual communication: (1) choosing the right colors and graphical properties; (2) choosing appropriate hazard metrics and classifying them into discrete intervals for the map; and (3) using accessible data formats.…”

Section: Visual Communication For Hazard Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Yl-Or-Rd-8 has clear cultural connotations in Western cultures that begin with caution and preparation (yellows) and rise to danger and risk (reds) (criterion C4). This palette has furthermore been supported to depict different degrees of hazard by literature reviews (Bostrom et al, 2008), focus groups (Fyfe and Molnar, 2020), user experiments (Miran et al, 2017;Thompson et al, 2015) and guidelines for science communication (Doore et al, 1993;Haynes et al, 2007).…”

Section: Choosing the Color Palettementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work on risk communication for seismic hazard maps has largely focused on collecting user feedback on different map designs, while citing non-specific "best practices" in describing how design choices were made. We sought to disentangle what graphical criteria actually constitute these best practices in map design, particularly focusing on color palettes and data classification, which have been prioritized by previous authors (Marti et al, 2019;Fyfe and Molnar, 2020;Thompson et al, 2017). The aim was not to provide a recipe for how to design hazard maps, but rather a criteria-based framework around which to make design decisions.…”

Section: Systematizing the Design Of Hazard Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Criteria-based visualization design for hazard maps

Schneider

Cotton

Schweizer

2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Probabilistic seismic hazard estimates are a key ingredient of earthquake risk mitigation strategies and are often communicated through seismic hazard maps. Though the literature suggests that visual design properties are key for effective communication using such maps, guidelines on how to optimally design hazard map are missing from the literature. Current maps use color palettes and data classification schemes which have well-reported limitations that may inadvertently miscommunicate seismic hazard. We surveyed the literature on color and classification schemes to identify design criteria that have empirical support for communicating hazard information. These criteria were then applied to redesign the seismic hazard map for Germany. We isolated several communication goals for this map, including essential properties about moderate-hazard seismic regions and a critical hazard threshold related to the German seismic building codes. We elucidate our redesign process and the selection of new colors and classification schemes that satisfy the evidence-based criteria. In a mixed-methods survey, we evaluate the original and redesigned seismic hazard maps, finding that the redesign satisfies all the communication goals, and improves users’ awareness about the spatial spread of seismic hazard, relative to the original. We consider practical implications for the design of hazard maps across the natural hazards.

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Section: Assessing the Redesigned German Seismic Hazard Mapmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Criteria For Selecting Color Palettesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Visual Communication For Hazard Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choosing the Color Palettementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Systematizing the Design Of Hazard Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Criteria-based visualization design for hazard maps

Schneider

Cotton

Schweizer

2022

Preprint

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Seismic microzonation mapping of Greater Vancouver based on various site classification metrics

2023

Self Cite

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The goal of the multi-year seismic microzonation mapping project for Greater Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, is to produce seismic hazard maps inclusive of local site effects, in particular seismic hazard specific to one-dimensional site response and three-dimensional Georgia sedimentary basin amplification, as well as liquefaction and landslide hazard potential. We explore the variability in key seismic site characterization measures most often used for seismic microzonation mapping to evaluate the impact on mapping and communication of seismic microzonation of Greater Vancouver. This study focuses on the comparison of seismic microzonation maps of Greater Vancouver based on up to three seismic site term parameters and their associated classification schemes: 1) the time-averaged shear-wave velocity (Vs) of the upper 30 m (Vs30) and associated Canadian National Building Code (NBC) site class; 2) Vs30-based site classification proposed for the updated Eurocode 8; 3) site period (T0) determined from microtremor site amplification spectra; and 4) a hybrid site classification based on T0 and the average Vs and thickness of soil. 810 Vs30 and 2,200 T0 values are determined to evaluate sub-regional differences in these important seismic site parameters in Greater Vancouver. We find that the seismic microzonation of Greater Vancouver depends on the chosen seismic site parameter (Vs30, T0, or a combination of parameters) and that classification schemes with greater class divisions are beneficial to communicating the great variability in seismic site conditions in Greater Vancouver. We recommend that either one hybrid classification map or two classification maps of Vs30 and T0 together are required for effective communication of the seismic microzonation of Greater Vancouver.

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Cumulatively Anticipative Car-Following Model with Enhanced Safety for Autonomous Vehicles in Mixed Driver Environments

Yang,

Ahemd,

Huang

et al. 2023

Smart Cities

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The contribution of autonomous vehicles to traffic is one of the key aspects of future ground transportation in smart cities. Autonomous vehicles are able to provide many benefits, but some benefits can only provide advantages if these vehicles comprise a large percent of on the road/driven vehicles, which may take decades. Until then, the robotic drivers in autonomous vehicles will share the same road system with human divers in a mixed-driver environment where the majority of road accidents for autonomous vehicles are associated with the operational inconsistency of human drivers. In this paper, a cumulatively anticipative car-following model (which considers cumulative influences from multiple preceding vehicles) is developed to potentially improve the safety of autonomous vehicles in mixed-driver environments that benefit from enhanced communication between the autonomous vehicles and other components in the transportation system. Through intensive simulations (200 simulations), this study comprehensively evaluates four models including the cumulative anticipative car-following model, the Wiedemann 99 model, adaptive cruise control, and the cooperative adaptive cruise control model. Across 10 scenarios and five speed limits (24.59–33.53 m/s), the cumulative anticipative car-following model consistently demonstrates superior conflict reduction, with average, maximum, and minimum conflict percentages ranging from 77.69% to 91.97% against the Wiedemann 99 model, 67.00% to 93.94% against the adaptive cruise control model, and 69.17% to 93.25% against the cooperative adaptive cruise control model. Notably, the cooperative adaptive cruise control model exhibits suboptimal performance, especially in mixed-driver settings. The cumulative anticipative car-following model also enhances vehicle mobility, reducing average stops by up to 93.54%, 91.74%, 92.04%, 88.60%, and 91.35% in comparison to the other three models at speeds of 24.59 m/s, 26.82 m/s, 29.06 m/s, 31.29 m/s, and 33.53 m/s. Overall, the cumulative anticipative car-following model holds significant potential for conflict reduction and traffic enhancement.

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Evaluating the Use and Communication of Seismic Hazard Maps: A Case Study of Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Criteria-based visualization design for hazard maps

Criteria-based visualization design for hazard maps

Seismic microzonation mapping of Greater Vancouver based on various site classification metrics

Cumulatively Anticipative Car-Following Model with Enhanced Safety for Autonomous Vehicles in Mixed Driver Environments

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