Evaluating the tuberculosis hazard posed to cattle from wildlife across Europe

Hardstaff, Jo; Marion, Glenn; Hutchings, Michael R.; White, Piran C. L.

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.12.002

Cited by 59 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In this study, we found high prevalence in red deer. Wild ungulates such as deer and wild boar display high prevalence rates of tuberculosis (Aranaz et al., ; Vicente et al., ) and are believed to be reservoirs of the infection in the south of Europe (Gortázar et al., , ; Naranjo et al., ; Hardstaff et al., ). However, all red deer in this study were hunted and most animals had poor body condition, which had made them more vulnerable prey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycobacterium bovis and closely related members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) infect many domestic and wildlife species across Europe (Meng et al., ; Hardstaff et al., ). Tuberculosis can be a serious conservation threat for wildlife because it can cause mortality and/or alter dispersal and movement patterns of infected animals (Scott, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Insights intoMycobacterium bovisPrevalence in Wild Mammals in Portugal

Matos

Figueira

Martins

et al. 2014

Transbound Emerg Dis

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A survey to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis in wild mammals in Portugal was conducted by testing samples from hunted animals and those found dead between 2009 and 2013. In this study, we investigated 2116 wild mammals. Post-mortem examinations were performed, and tissues were collected from wild mammals representing 8 families and 11 different species, with a total of 393 animals analysed. Cultures were performed, and acid-fast isolates were identified by PCR. Tissues were also screened for Mycobacterium bovis by directly extracting DNA and testing for the Mycobacterium bovis-specific sequences. Mycobacterium bovis prevalence was 26.9% (95% CI: 22.8-31.5%). Mycobacterium bovis was recorded in 106 of the 393 studied species: prevalence by species were 26.9% (95% CI: 16.8-40.2%) in red foxes, 20.0% (95% CI: 7.0-45.2%) in Egyptian mongooses, 21.4% (95% CI: 16.2-27.7%) in wild boar and 38.3% (95% CI: 29.9-47.4%) in red deer. Mycobacterium bovis infection was detected in six of eight taxonomic families. For some species, the small sample sizes obtained were a reflection of their restricted range and low abundance, making estimates of infection prevalence very difficult (1 beech marten of 4; 1 Eurasian otter of 3; 2 common genet of 3). Infection was not detected in European badgers, hedgehog, wild rabbits and hare. The results of this study confirm the presence of Mycobacterium bovis infection in wild carnivores in Portugal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights intoMycobacterium bovisPrevalence in Wild Mammals in Portugal

Matos

Figueira

Martins

et al. 2014

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…However, bTB is still enzootic in cattle in some areas and is detected locally in some bTB OF countries. Several of them are also facing infection in wildlife (5–7). In the British Isles and in Central and Southern Spain, the badger ( Meles meles ) and the wild boar ( Sus scrofa ), respectively, are considered the main wild reservoirs hampering bTB eradication (6, 7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife Interactions on Baited Places and Waterholes in a French Area Infected by Bovine Tuberculosis

Payne

Philipon

Hars³

et al. 2017

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Interactions among wildlife species are major drivers for the transmission of multi-host pathogens, such as Mycobacterium bovis, which also affect livestock. Although France is officially free from bovine tuberculosis (bTB), some areas are still harboring infection in cattle and wildlife. We aimed at characterizing the visits of susceptible wild species (badger, red deer, and wild boar) at baited places and waterholes, considered as possible hotspots for contacts. We described the visits in terms of frequency, duration, and number of individuals and studied the influence of the season. Then, we estimated the frequency of intraspecies and interspecies interactions occurring at baited places and waterholes which may lead to bTB transmission, including direct and indirect contacts through the soil or water. We used camera traps placed on baited places and waterholes on 13 locations monitored during 21 months. The number of visits, their duration, and the number of individuals per visit were analyzed by generalized linear mixed models for each targeted species. The frequency of the interspecies and intraspecies interactions was also analyzed separately. The season, the type of site (baited place or waterhole), and the location were the explanatory variables. Badgers’ visits and interactions were more frequent than for other species (mean: 0.60 visit/day and 5.42 interactions/day) especially on baited places. Red deer only visited waterholes. Wild boars visited most often baited places in spring–summer and waterholes in autumn–winter. They came in higher number than other species, especially on baited places. Direct interactions were uncommon. The most frequent interspecies interactions occurred between red deer and wild boar (mean: 4.02 interactions/day). Baited places and waterholes are important interfaces between the different wild species involved in the bTB multi-host system in this area. They can thus promote intraspecies and interspecies bTB transmission. Baiting ban should be carried on and management of waterholes should be considered as tool to limit the spread of bTB in wildlife.

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“…Animal or bovine TB (bTB), caused primarily by Mycobacterium bovis but also by Mycobacterium caprae, poses serious socioeconomic and health threats (1) and is a notifiable disease listed under the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Terrestrial Animal Health Code (TAHC). Although bTB is controlled in most developed countries, its eradication has not been fully accomplished due to a lack of sensitivity of diagnostic tools and to the persistence of infection in extensive farming and wild populations (2). The disease remains a significant problem in many countries with less developed laboratory capacity (1).…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection of Mycobacteria, Mycobacterium avium Subspecies, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex by a Novel Tetraplex Real-Time PCR Assay

et al. 2015

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bMycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium avium, and many other nontuberculous mycobacteria are worldwide distributed microorganisms of major medical and veterinary importance. Considering the growing epidemiologic significance of wildlife-livestock-human interrelation, developing rapid detection tools of high specificity and sensitivity is vital to assess their presence and accelerate the process of diagnosing mycobacteriosis. Here we describe the development and evaluation of a novel tetraplex real-time PCR for simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium genus, M. avium subspecies, and M. tuberculosis complex in an internally monitored single assay. The method was evaluated using DNA from mycobacterial (n ‫؍‬ 38) and nonmycobacterial (n ‫؍‬ 28) strains, tissues spiked with different CFU amounts of three mycobacterial species (n ‫؍‬ 57), archival clinical samples (n ‫؍‬ 233), and strains isolated from various hosts (n ‫؍‬ 147). The minimum detectable DNA amount per reaction was 50 fg for M. bovis BCG and M. kansasii and 5 fg for M. avium subsp. hominissuis. When spiked samples were analyzed, the method consistently detected as few as 100 to 1,000 mycobacterial CFU per gram. The sensitivity and specificity values for the panel of clinical samples were 97.5 and 100% using a verified culture-based method as the reference method. The assays performed on clinical isolates confirmed these results. This PCR was able to identify M. avium and M. tuberculosis complex in the same sample in one reaction. In conclusion, the tetraplex real-time PCR we designed represents a highly specific and sensitive tool for the detection and identification of mycobacteria in routine laboratory diagnosis with potential additional uses. T he genusMycobacterium encompasses a large number of worldwide distributed pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria responsible for a broad range of infectious diseases. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, Mycobacterium avium, and many other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are of major medical and veterinary significance. Human tuberculosis (TB) due to infection with members of M. tuberculosis complex, especially with M. tuberculosis, remains an important health problem according to annual reports of the World Health Organization (WHO). Animal or bovine TB (bTB), caused primarily by Mycobacterium bovis but also by Mycobacterium caprae, poses serious socioeconomic and health threats (1) and is a notifiable disease listed under the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Terrestrial Animal Health Code (TAHC). Although bTB is controlled in most developed countries, its eradication has not been fully accomplished due to a lack of sensitivity of diagnostic tools and to the persistence of infection in extensive farming and wild populations (2). The disease remains a significant problem in many countries with less developed laboratory capacity (1). Accordingly, human TB caused by M. bovis or M. caprae is supposed to be infrequent in developed regions but is relatively common and possibly underestimated in ...

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Evaluating the tuberculosis hazard posed to cattle from wildlife across Europe

Cited by 59 publications

References 59 publications

New Insights intoMycobacterium bovisPrevalence in Wild Mammals in Portugal

New Insights intoMycobacterium bovisPrevalence in Wild Mammals in Portugal

Wildlife Interactions on Baited Places and Waterholes in a French Area Infected by Bovine Tuberculosis

Detection of Mycobacteria, Mycobacterium avium Subspecies, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex by a Novel Tetraplex Real-Time PCR Assay

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