Evaluating the Sensitivity and Linearity of a Permanganate-Oxidizable Carbon Method

Gruver, Joel

doi:10.1080/00103624.2014.997387

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The results from this study suggest that the POx‐C content may be an appropriate indicator to identify the changes in total C (SOC content) in response to different management practices and changes in land use. The relationship between POx‐C and SOC content was significant and positive, consistent with other studies (Culman et al, 2012; Duval et al, 2018; Gruver, 2015; Huang et al, 2021; Plaza‐Bonilla et al, 2014; Romero et al, 2018; Tirol‐Padre & Ladha, 2014; Weil et al, 2003). A practical reason for using soil POx‐C over SOC content (determined via dry combustion) is the relatively lower cost of estimating the former.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The results from this study suggest that the POx-C content may be an appropriate indicator to identify the changes in total C (SOC Duval et al, 2018;Gruver, 2015;Huang et al, 2021;Plaza-Bonilla et al, 2014;Romero et al, 2018;Tirol-Padre & Ladha, 2014;Weil et al, 2003). A practical reason for using soil POx-C over SOC content (determined via dry combustion) is the relatively lower cost of estimating the former.…”

Section: Relation Between Pox-c and Total Soil Cmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…POx-C, also referred to as soil active C, is associated with soil organic matter pools that are fundamental for nutrient cycling (Blair et al, 1995;Weil et al, 2003). This C fraction is considered to be a good indicator of soil quality because it is sensitive to the effects of short-term soil management changes and is relatively easy and inexpensive to determine (Gruver, 2015;Weil et al, 2003). Moreover, POx-C is used to estimate the soil carbon management index (CMI), which integrates the soil carbon lability and recalcitrancy to assess soil quality and soil organic carbon restoration (Blair et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oil palm agroforestry shows higher soil permanganate oxidizable carbon than monoculture plantations in Eastern Amazonia

et al. 2021

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The expansion of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) cultivation in degraded areas has increased in the Brazilian Amazon. Cultivation of oil palm in diversified agroforestry systems may be a relatively sustainable alternative to monocultures for crop expansion. Here, we evaluated the effect of oil palm cultivation systems on soil C, an important indicator of the soil quality of production systems. We assessed:(1) whether these systems of oil palm cultivation alter the potassium permanganate oxidizable C content (POx-C) and the carbon management index (CMI); and (2) how the POx-C varied among management zones (harvest path, leaf pile, weeded circle, and diversified strip). The soil C indices of the oil palm cultivation systems were also compared with those of secondary forests. POx-C varied consistently based on the pattern agroforestry > secondary forest = monoculture, ranging from 0.95 ± 0.14 (agroforestry) to 0.66 ± 0.10 gÁkg À1 (monoculture). The POx-C pattern among management zones was pile > diversified strip = weeded circle > harvest path. The CMI was higher in agroforestry than in monoculture. We found that these indices are sensitive to land-use systems and management practices that affect organic matter input. Organic fertilization and species diversity likely drive the improvement of soil quality in agroforestry systems than in monocultures through C input to the soil directly and indirectly, by creating favorable conditions for the action of root and fauna that in turn positively affect soil C. Therefore, we postulate that soil quality improves through oil palm agroforestry than through oil palm monocultures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Relation Between Pox-c and Total Soil Cmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oil palm agroforestry shows higher soil permanganate oxidizable carbon than monoculture plantations in Eastern Amazonia

et al. 2021

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“…to Mn 2? (Gruver 2015), 0.02 L is the volume of 0.2 mol L -1 KMnO 4 solution, and kg soil is the mass of air-dried soil.…”

Section: Total and Labile Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond total carbon: conversion of amazon forest to pasture alters indicators of soil C cycling

et al. 2021

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It is well established that land use change (LUC) can impact soil organic carbon (SOC) in tropical regions, but the long-term effects of LUC on soil quality and C cycling remain unclear. Here, we evaluated how LUC affects soil C cycling in the Amazon region using a 100-year observational chronosequence spanning primary forest-to-pasture conversion and subsequent secondary forest succession. We found a surprising increase in topsoil SOC concentrations 60 years following conversion, despite major losses ([ 85%) of forest-derived SOC within the first 25 years. Shifts in molecular composition of SOC, identified with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy, occurred in tandem with a significant decline in permanganateoxidizable C (POXC) and b-glucosidase activity (per unit SOC), interpreted as a deceleration of soil C cycling after pasture grasses became the dominant source of C inputs to soil. Secondary forest succession caused rapid reversal to conditions observed under primary forest for b-glucosidase activity but not for SOC molecular composition (DRIFT spectroscopy), reflecting a long-lasting effect of LUC on soil C cycling. Our results show that rapid changes in the origin of SOC occur following deforestation with legacy effects on some indicators of C cycling (e.g. enzyme activity) but not others (e.g. molecular composition). This approach offers mechanistic

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“…However, oxidation of SOC using permanganate not only targets labile C, but also affects more recalcitrant forms of C (Skjemstad et al, 2006;Tirol-Padre & Ladha, 2004). Although the chemical oxidation (using a reagent of a certain concentration) is supposed to mimic biological oxidation, it is a different process compared to biological degradation, which is the natural process that degrades soil organic matter (Gruver, 2015). In addition, it has been shown several times that chemical fractionation methods such as POXC designed to determine a labile fraction produce results that are highly correlated with total SOC (Calderón et al, 2017;Thomsen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying the fingerprint of permanganate oxidizable carbon as a measure of labile soil organic carbon using Fourier transform mid‐infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy

Huang

Rinnan

Bruun

et al. 2021

European J Soil Science

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Permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC) is a sub-pool of labile soil organic carbon (SOC) and is defined as the carbon (C) that can be oxidized by potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ). Determination of the content of POXC has been used as a way to measure labile C and may be related to soil microbial biomass and particulate organic C. Fourier transform mid-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS) has been used for characterizing the chemical composition of soil organic matter. The objective of the current study was to identify the chemical information in the FTIR-PAS spectra that is unique to POXC and therefore associated with labile C. FTIR-PAS was used for characterizing SOC using a set of soil samples collected in four different countries (Laos, Malaysia, Peru and Thailand, n = 575). Partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to correlate the collected FTIR-PAS spectra with both POXC and total SOC. The FTIR-PAS spectra combined with the PLS method was useful for predicting both SOC and POXC. However, SOC and POXC were also highly correlated (R 2 = 0.84), and because POXC can be seen as a fraction of total SOC, a method for extracting the FTIR-PAS fingerprint of the POXC model that is independent of SOC was applied for the first time. The results showed that the POXC prediction was mainly based on its strong correlation with SOC and there was little information unique to POXC. However, the results do indicate four dominant peaks at 1,574, 1,495, 1,138 and 1,041 cm −1 to be specific for POXC. These peaks can be ascribed to amide II, aromatics, polysaccharides and carbohydrates, respectively. Highlights • Permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC) was predicted using FTIRphotoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR-PAS).• The POXC prediction using FTIR-PAS is mainly based on its high correlation with SOC.• A method extracting the unique spectral features of POXC independently of SOC was applied.

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Evaluating the Sensitivity and Linearity of a Permanganate-Oxidizable Carbon Method

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Oil palm agroforestry shows higher soil permanganate oxidizable carbon than monoculture plantations in Eastern Amazonia

Oil palm agroforestry shows higher soil permanganate oxidizable carbon than monoculture plantations in Eastern Amazonia

Beyond total carbon: conversion of amazon forest to pasture alters indicators of soil C cycling

Identifying the fingerprint of permanganate oxidizable carbon as a measure of labile soil organic carbon using Fourier transform mid‐infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy

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