Evaluating the robustness of tunable adaptive antenna arrays

A physical model for tunable patch antennas

“…Similar to the previous approach [6], it is assumed that the tunable "black box" has two extremes: 1) positive resistance with inductance (extreme value of 30+j190 Ω), 2) negative resistance with capacitance (extreme value of -5-j100 Ω). Using the method described above for varying locations of the tunable element over the two scenarios, the resultant field patterns are calculated.…”

“…Theoretical methods for tuning the antennas of an adaptive array by way of a dynamic "black box" impedance element have been previously discussed [6]. Such an ideal scenario explores the impact to the total array field pattern and presents evidence on the usefulness of tunable antenna elements for adaptive arrays.…”

Tunability of an area-efficient microstrip patch antenna at 60GHz

“…First, a reduced area antenna should be constructed with the IMPATT diode to confirm the work presented and to get the final word with respect to achieving and using negative resistance. Second, some other applications, such as a reduced-area antenna arrays, should be researched as a smaller footprint antenna element that stills boasts a strong degree of direct tunability could be very useful in achieving robust adaptive antenna patterns in mobile devices as first investigated in [5].…”

“…For instance, resistors affect bandwidth and varactors change resonance frequency. Previous work on tunable antennas [5]- [7] shows that both resistance and reactance components are needed to gain full tuning control over the patch antenna.…”