Evaluating the Physicochemical Properties of Some Kosovo’s and Imported Honey Samples

Rysha, Agim; Kastrati, Granit; Biber, Lejla; Sadiku, Valon; Rysha, Aurorë; Zogaj, Florjana; Kabashi-Kastrati, Edona

doi:10.3390/app12020629

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Manuka honey, which acts as the international standard honey, had an ash content of 0.30 g/100 g, lower than the processed green honey. The ash content is a direct measure of the inorganic residues of honey after carbonization [27]. Another important use of this parameter is for predicting trace elements and minerals essential to a healthy diet (e.g., calcium, phosphorous, potassium, and sodium).…”

Section: Ash Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Properties of a New Green Honey from Banggi Island, Sabah

et al. 2022

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Green honey is exclusively available on the island of Banggi in Sabah, and its uniqueness sees the commodity being sold at a high market price. Therefore, green honey is prone to adulteration by unscrupulous individuals, possibly compromising the health of those consuming this food commodity for its curative properties. Moreover, an established standard for reducing sugar in green honey is unavailable. Ipso facto, the study aimed to profile green honey’s physical and chemical properties, such as its pH, moisture content, free acidity, ash content, electroconductivity, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH, colour, total sugar content, total protein content, and heavy metals as well as volatile organic compounds, the data of which are profoundly valuable in safeguarding consumers’ safety while providing information for its quality certification for local consumption and export. The results revealed that the honey’s physicochemical profile is comparable to other reported kinds of honey. The honey’s naturally green colour is because of the chlorophyll from the nectar from various flowers on the island. The raw honey showed free acidity between 28 and 33 Meq/100 g, lower than the standard’s 50 Meq/100 g. The hydroxymethylfurfural content is the lowest compared to other reported honey samples, with the total phenolic content between 16 and 19 mg GAE/100 g. The honey’s reducing sugar content is lower (~37.9%) than processed ones (56.3%) because of water removal. The protein content ranged from 1 to 2 gm/kg, 4- to 6-fold and 2-fold higher than local and manuka honey, respectively. The exceptionally high content of trans-4-hydroxyproline in raw honey is its source of collagen and other healing agents. Interestingly, low levels of arsenic, lead, nickel, cadmium, copper, and cobalt were detected in the honey samples, presumably due to their subterranean hives. Nevertheless, the honey is fit for general consumption as the concentrations were below the maxima in the Codex Alimentarius Commission of 2001.

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Section: Ash Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Properties of a New Green Honey from Banggi Island, Sabah

et al. 2022

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“…The honey with the highest acidity content was Betônica (32.01 meq kg −1 ) ( Table 4 ), but was still well below the recommended limit of 50 meq kg −1 [ 31 ]. The values were lower than those found for honeys studied in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Brazil (42 meq kg −1 ) [ 42 ], and for some honeys from Kosovo (23.90 and 69.00 meq kg −1 ) [ 45 ]. In another study with honey produced in the Marsabit Forest Reserve of northern Kenya, levels between 19.00 and 23.00 meq kg −1 were observed [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…When compared to honeys from Kosovo that have contents between 14.0 and 19.0% [ 45 ], only Betônica is superior, but when compared to those from Vale do Jequitinhonha in Brazil (between 15.60% and 19.67%) [ 42 ], which is also a region of Minas Gerais, the results are similar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In a study in Kosovo, the content was between 7.41 and 166.43 mg kg −1 [ 45 ], where some values were much higher than those allowed and in this research (2.47 to 55.70 mg kg −1 ) all the honeys studied were within the standards of honey in a tropical climate [ 31 ], different from that found for other Brazilian states, where some exceeded 60 mg kg −1 , the limit established by Brazilian legislation [ 10 ], and one exceeded the limit of 80 mg kg −1 determined by the Council of the EU [ 31 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Honeys Produced in Minas Gerais (Brazil)

Royo

Oliveira²,

Veloso³

et al. 2022

Antibiotics

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Honeys can be classified as polyfloral or monofloral and have been extensively studied due to an increased interest in their consumption. There is concern with the correct identification of their flowering, the use of analyses that guarantee their physicochemical quality and the quantification of some compounds such as phenolics, to determine their antioxidant and antimicrobial action. This study aims at botanical identification, physicochemical analyses, and the determination of total polyphenols, chromatographic profile and antiradical and antimicrobial activity of honey from different regions of Minas Gerais. Seven different samples were analyzed for the presence of pollen, and color determination. The physicochemical analyses performed were total acidity, moisture, HMF, reducing sugar, and apparent sucrose. The compound profile was determined by UHPLC/MS, the determination of total phenolics and antiradical activity (DPPH method) were performed by spectrophotometry, and minimum inhibitory and bacterial concentrations were determined for cariogenic bacteria. All honey samples met the quality standards required by international legislation, twenty compounds were detected as the main ones, the polyfloral honey was the only honey that inhibited all of the bacteria tested. Sample M6 (Coffee) was the one with the highest amount of total polyphenols, while the lowest was M4 (Cipó-uva). Regarding the antioxidant activity, M5 (Velame) had the best result and M4 (Cipó-uva) was the one that least inhibited oxidation. Of the polyfloral honeys, there was not as high a concentration of phenolic compounds as in the others. Coffee, Aroeira, Velame and Polyfloral have the best anti-radical actions. Betônica, Aroeira, Cipó-uva and Pequi inhibited only some bacteria. The best bacterial inhibition results are from Polyfloral.

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“…The search for high-quality honey free from human contamination and also rich in natural products is crucial to ensure that the honey is fit for consumption as this commodity is highly prone to adulteration worldwide [1,2]. Apis cerana is commonly found all over Indonesia, especially in the Bali and Lombok Islands [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Apis cerana honey from Lombok and Bali Islands

Huyop,

Ullah,

Abdul Wahab

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Limited honey production worldwide leads to higher market prices, thus making it prone to adulteration. Therefore, regular physicochemical analysis is imperative for ensuring authenticity and safety. This study describes the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Apis cerana honey sourced from the islands of Lombok and Bali, showing their unique regional traits. A comparative analysis was conducted on honey samples from Lombok and Bali as well as honey variety from Malaysia. Moisture content was found slightly above 20% in raw honey samples from Lombok and Bali, adhering to the national standard (SNI 8664:2018) of not exceeding 22%. Both honey types displayed pH values within the acceptable range (3.40–6.10), ensuring favorable conditions for long-term storage. However, Lombok honey exhibited higher free acidity (78.5±2.14 meq/kg) than Bali honey (76.0±1.14 meq/kg), surpassing Codex Alimentarius recommendations (≤50 meq/kg). The ash content, reflective of inorganic mineral composition, was notably lower in Lombok (0.21±0.02 g/100) and Bali honey (0.14±0.01 g/100) compared to Tualang honey (1.3±0.02 g/100). Electric conductivity, indicative of mineral content, revealed Lombok and Bali honey with lower but comparable values than Tualang honey. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) concentrations in Lombok (14.4±0.11 mg/kg) and Bali (17.6±0.25 mg/kg) were slightly elevated compared to Tualang honey (6.4±0.11 mg/kg), suggesting potential processing-related changes. Sugar analysis revealed Lombok honey with the highest sucrose content (2.39±0.01g/100g) and Bali honey with the highest total sugar content (75.21±0.11 g/100g). Both honeys exhibited lower glucose than fructose content, aligning with Codex Alimentarius guidelines. The phenolic content, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were significantly higher in Lombok and Bali honey compared to Tualang honey, suggesting potential health benefits. Further analysis by LC-MS/MS-QTOF targeted analysis identified various flavonoids/flavanols and polyphenolic/phenolic acid compounds in Lombok and Bali honey. The study marks the importance of characterizing the unique composition of honey from different regions, ensuring quality and authenticity in the honey industry.

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Evaluating the Physicochemical Properties of Some Kosovo’s and Imported Honey Samples

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

Physicochemical Properties of a New Green Honey from Banggi Island, Sabah

Physicochemical Properties of a New Green Honey from Banggi Island, Sabah

Physicochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Honeys Produced in Minas Gerais (Brazil)

Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Apis cerana honey from Lombok and Bali Islands

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