Evaluating the Phagocytic Index of Peripheral Leukocytes in Endometriosis by Plasma Experiments

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Endometriosis is a benign, chronic disease, that negatively influences the quality of life of affected women and is responsible for a remarkable amount of infertility. The pathophysiology of the disease is still not clarified, but the insufficient immune surveillance plays a significant role in it. The phagocyte function of innate immune cells may play a role in the elimination of ectopic endometrium. The purpose of this study is to examine the phagocyte function of neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes, incubated in heat-inactivated and not-inactivated plasma samples from healthy women and from women with endometriosis before and after the surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from eight preoperative and eight postoperative patients with endometriosis before and after the surgical treatment, and from 16 healthy patients as controls. Neutrophil granulocytes, monocytes and blood plasma samples were isolated. Cells were incubated in different plasma samples, and the phagocytic index was determined with a fluorescence microscope. Results: The phagocytic index of granulocytes and monocytes isolated from patients with endometriosis was significantly decreased compared to healthy women after the cells were incubated in their own plasma. Preoperatively isolated cells from patients with endometriosis demonstrated an improved phagocyte function after incubating them in plasma samples from healthy controls. In contrast, the phagocytic activity of cells from healthy women significantly reduced after being incubated in the plasma of preoperative endometriosis patients. The heat-inactivation of plasma samples did not affect the results. Conclusions: Active endometriosis lesions may produce heat-stable systemic immunomodulatory factors, which reduced the phagocyte function of peripheral monocytes and neutrophil granulocytes. The phagocyte function of these cells can be normalized after the complete surgical removal of endometriosis, which then demonstrates similar values as in healthy women.

Analysis of the effectiveness of complex pharmacotherapy using antibacterial agents and immunomodulators for bronchial pneumonia

“…Hematological blood tests were carried out on a hematological analyzer "Celly 70", ESR was established by the Panchenkov method, blood smears were stained by Papenheim, differential counting of leukocytes was carried out according to generally accepted methods [23]. The phagocytic activity index (percentage of phagocytic neutrophils) and phagocytic index (average number of microbes phagocytized by one neutrophil) were calculated [24]. Bacteriological flushes from the nasal cavity were collected with sterile cotton swabs into bacteriological tubes with sterile saline solution during the period of maximum manifestation of signs of the disease.…”

The landscape of non-coding RNAs in the immunopathogenesis of Endometriosis

“…Additionally, the miR-142-3p investigated in endometriosis studies and its role in disrupting antigen presentation by primary macrophages can attract attention to be investigated in future research ( 92 , 93 ). Although phagocytosis ( 94 ) and antigen presentation ( 78 ) are actions performed by macrophages during this disease, additional investigations using imaging techniques, suppression and upregulation of ncRNAs can shed light on the examination of cellular remodeling and migration of these cells.…”

Review of the Potential Therapeutic Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol on Endometriosis

“… 45 Several studies have reported that levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TGF-β, TNF-α, prostaglandin (PG), growth factor, MCP-1, and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), are higher in the PF of women affected by endometriosis compared to disease-free participants. 83–85 These inflammatory mediators may participate in the establishment and advancement of endometriosis, and they are secreted by activated macrophages, lymphocytes, endometriotic lesions, and peritoneal mesothelial cells, thereby promoting the viability, proliferation, adhesion, invasiveness, and angiogenesis of endometrial cells. 86 …”