The landscape of non-coding RNAs in the immunopathogenesis of Endometriosis

Abstract

Endometriosis is a complex disorder that is characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus. It is associated with chronic inflammation, severe pelvic pain, infertility, and significantly reduced quality of life. Although the exact mechanism of endometriosis remains unknown, inflammation and altered immunity are considered key factors in the immunopathogenesis of the disorder. Disturbances of immune responses result in reduced clearance of regurgitated endometrial cells, which elicits oxidative stress and progression of inflammation. Proinflammatory mediators could affect immune cells’ recruitment, fate, and function. Reciprocally, the activation of immune cells can promote inflammation. Aberrant expression of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in patient and animal lesions could be suggestive of their role in endometriosis establishment. The engagement of these RNAs in regulating diverse biological processes, including inflammatory responses and activation of inflammasomes, altered immunity, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis are widespread and far-reaching. Therefore, ncRNAs can be identified as a determining candidate regulating the inflammatory responses and immune system. This review aims in addition to predict the role of ncRNAs in the immunopathogenesis of endometriosis through regulating inflammation and altered immunity based on previous studies, it presents a comprehensive view of inflammation role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Hypoxia and the endometrium: An indispensable role for HIF-1α as therapeutic strategies

“…The accumulation of high mobility group box1 in mouse endometriotic cells is linked to increased inflammatory responses, which is also associated with hypoxia and the overexpression of HIF-1α [ 64 ]. Moreover, the possibility of hypoxia-mediated responses participating in other molecular mechanisms has been suggested, including the potential crosstalk among hypoxia-responsive unfolded proteins and non-coding mRNAs, which may play an essential role [ 65 , 66 ]. For example, increased levels of HIF-1α inhibit the cyclization of circFOXO3, subsequently downregulating p53 and affecting autophagy [ 59 ].…”

circ_PPAPDC1A promotes Osimertinib resistance by sponging the miR-30a-3p/ IGF1R pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

“…They also serve as reservoirs or carriers for miRNAs [ 14 ]. This phenomenon is substantiated by the discovery of cerebellar degeneration-related protein (CDR1as), also known as CiRS-7 [ 15 ], opened the door to the understanding that circRNAs can compete as endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) with over 60 miRNA binding sites. Subsequent studies have further affirmed circRNAs’ role as ceRNA or miRNA sponges.…”

The Long Non-Coding RNA Gene AC027288.3 Plays a Role in Human Endometrial Stromal Fibroblast Decidualization

“…Previous findings have demonstrated the potential functions of some select lncR-NAs in the endometrium under pathological and physiological conditions. Abnormal expression of some lncRNAs in the endometrium or decidua is associated with fertility or gestational abnormalities such as endometriosis [12][13][14][15], recurrent implantation failure [16], and preeclampsia [17]. Some examples of the potential physiological role of lncRNA's in hESF decidualization so far include HAND2-AS1 [18], MALAT1 [15], ENSG00000230699 (LncSAMD11-1:1, [19], HK2P1 [20], TUNAR [21], LUCAT1 [22], and LINC00473 [23].…”