Evaluating the performance of regional-scale photochemical modeling systems: Part II—ozone predictions

Hogrefe, Christian; Rao, S. Trivikrama; Kasibhatla, P. S.; Hao, Winston; Sistla, Gopal; Mathur, Rohit; McHenry, John N.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00183-2

Cited by 113 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, this requires a full 3-D model that includes both meteorological processes and air pollution processes in one coupled system. The clear disadvantage of such a system is the tremendous computer resource demand, which means that this type of model usually is applied for studying only short time periods (Carmichael et al, 1991;von Salzen and Schlünzen, 1999;Kim and Cho, 1999;Hogrefe et al, 2001). …”

Section: Discussion Of Model Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Operational mapping of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea

Hertel¹,

Skjøth²,

Brandt³

et al. 2003

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.A new model system for mapping and forecasting nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea has been developed. The system is based on the Lagrangian variable scale transport-chemistry model ACDEP (Atmospheric Chemistry and Deposition model), and aims at delivering deposition estimates to be used as input to marine ecosystem models. The system is tested by comparison of model results to measurements from monitoring stations around the Baltic Sea. The comparison shows that observed annual mean ambient air concentrations and wet depositions are well reproduced by the model. Diurnal mean concentrations of NH x (sum of NH 3 and NH + 4 ) and NO 2 are fairly well reproduced, whereas concentrations of total nitrate (sum of HNO 3 and NO − 3 ) are somewhat overestimated. Wet depositions of nitrate and ammonia are fairly well described for annual mean values, whereas the discrepancy is high for the monthly mean values and the wet depositions are rather poorly described concerning the diurnal mean values. The model calculations show that the annual atmospheric nitrogen deposition has a pronounced south-north gradient with depositions in the range about 1.0 T N km −2 in the south and 0.2 T N km −2 in the north. The results show that in 1999 the maximum diurnal mean deposition to the Danish waters appeared during the summer in the algae growth season. For the northern parts of the Baltic the highest depositions were distributed over most of the year. Total deposition to the Baltic Sea was for the year 1999 estimated to 318 kT N for an area of 464 406 km 2 equivalent to an average deposition of 684 kg N/km 2 .

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Section: Discussion Of Model Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Operational mapping of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea

Hertel¹,

Skjøth²,

Brandt³

et al. 2003

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…This improvement probably lies in the duration of the data of comparison: in a 10-year time frame, the main drivers of the variability are the diurnal and monthly variations which contribute to an overall correlation in a significant way (Hogrefe et al, 2001). Zanis et al (2011), who used the same models in offline couple for also a 10-year experiment over Europe, achieved similar values of correlations.…”

Section: The Validation Of the Modeling Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

On the long-term impact of emissions from central European cities on regional air quality

2016

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Abstract. For the purpose of qualifying and quantifying the impact of urban emission from Central European cities on the present-day regional air quality, the regional climate model RegCM4.2 was coupled with the chemistry transport model CAMx, including two-way interactions. A series of simulations was carried out for the 2001-2010 period either with all urban emissions included (base case) or without considering urban emissions. Further, the sensitivity of ozone production to urban emissions was examined by performing reduction experiments with −20 % emission perturbation of NO x and/or non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC).The modeling system's air quality related outputs were evaluated using AirBase, and EMEP surface measurements showed reasonable reproduction of the monthly variation for ozone (O 3 ), but the annual cycle of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) is more biased. In terms of hourly correlations, values achieved for ozone and NO 2 are 0.5-0.8 and 0.4-0.6, but SO 2 is poorly or not correlated at all with measurements (r around 0.2-0.5). The modeled fine particulates (PM 2.5 ) are usually underestimated, especially in winter, mainly due to underestimation of nitrates and carbonaceous aerosols.European air quality measures were chosen as metrics describing the cities emission impact on regional air pollution. Due to urban emissions, significant ozone titration occurs over cities while over rural areas remote from cities, ozone production is modeled, mainly in terms of number of exceedances and accumulated exceedances over the threshold of 40 ppbv. Urban NO x , SO 2 and PM 2.5 emissions also significantly contribute to concentrations in the cities themselves (up to 50-70 % for NO x and SO 2 , and up to 60 % for PM 2.5 ), but the contribution is large over rural areas as well (10-20 %). Although air pollution over cities is largely determined by the local urban emissions, considerable (often a few tens of %) fraction of the concentration is attributable to other sources from rural areas and minor cities. For the case of Prague (Czech Republic capital), it is further shown that the inter-urban interference between large cities does not play an important role which means that the impact on a chosen city of emissions from all other large cities is very small. At last, it is shown that to achieve significant ozone reduction over cities in central Europe, the emission control strategies have to focus on the reduction of NMVOC, as reducing NO x (due to suppressed titration) often leads to increased O 3 . The influence over rural areas is however always in favor of improved air quality, i.e. both NO x and/or NMVOC reduction ends up in decreased ozone pollution, mainly in terms of exceedances.

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“…One of the reasons could lie in the duration of the data for comparison. In a 10 yr long timeframe, the annual and mainly diurnal variation of the species concentrations that the model is able to reproduce can contribute to the overall correlation in a significant way (Hogrefe et al 2001). …”

Section: Model Performance Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive coupling of a regional climate model and a chemical transport model: evaluation and preliminary results on ozone and aerosol feedback

Huszár¹,

Mikšovský²,

Pišoft³

et al. 2012

Clim. Res.

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This study presents an interactive coupling system of the regional climate model RegCM3 and the chemistry transport model CAMx, called RegCMCAMx. This system provides an advancement from offline coupling methods already in use. In RegCMCAMx, the radiative effects of tropospheric ozone, sulfates and black and organic carbon were considered. A series of annual sensitivity simulations were carried out for the year 2005 over a European domain, where ozone and/or aerosols were interactively coupled (taking their radiative feedbacks into account). The simulated concentrations of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol were validated against surface measurements. The coupling was evaluated by simulating 2 m temperature as well. The model satisfactorily reproduced near-surface ozone, especially in summer, and made reasonable predictions for monthly sulfate aerosol concentrations. Deficiencies were identified in simulating nitrogen (underprediction), sulfur oxides (overprediction) and carbonaceous aerosols (underprediction). The performance of the coupling system compared to non-coupled data was analyzed, and significant improvement of the model was found in terms of reproducing 2 m temperature, mainly for interactively coupled ozone. The short-term climate response of interactively coupled chemistry/aerosol was analyzed for the first time by this coupling model as well. The seasonally averaged temperature perturbation caused by coupled ozone/aerosols ranged from −1.5 to +1.5°C, not only near the surface but also at higher altitudes. Despite expectations, the surface radiative forcing due to aerosols did not correlate with the induced temperature changes, reflecting the complexity of the processes when ozone and/or aerosols perturb the overall dynamics of the atmosphere. The limitations of the newly established coupling system and the potential for future development are discussed.

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Evaluating the performance of regional-scale photochemical modeling systems: Part II—ozone predictions

Cited by 113 publications

References 26 publications

Operational mapping of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea

Operational mapping of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea

On the long-term impact of emissions from central European cities on regional air quality

Interactive coupling of a regional climate model and a chemical transport model: evaluation and preliminary results on ozone and aerosol feedback

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