Evaluating the impact of the internet on barriers to entry in the music industry

Abstract

Purpose -Music can be copied and distributed almost without cost via the internet, while payment and distribution technologies are reducing the transaction costs of its commercial exchange. In the case of MP3 the cost of swapping music files is negligible, for both the supplier uploading the file and the receiver who is downloading the music. In light of these developments, this paper seeks to put forward the proposition that the main barrier to entry in the music sector has been the ownership and protection of artistic content in the supply chain. Design/methodology/approach -The paper focuses on a review of the concepts relating to "barriers to entry", since entry into the music industry is central to the explanation of the incumbents' strategic responses. The pre-and post-web supply chains are also assessed from a "barrier to entry" perspective. Findings -This paper argues that the internet is destabilising the supply chain for music by challenging the pre-web role and domination of the music industry supply chain; and by changing the primary entry barrier in the sector from the incumbents exploiting their ownership of copyright to one of trying to protect it. Originality/value -The paper contributes to understanding the strategic responses of music industry incumbents, as well as presenting some of the implications for consumer welfare.

Naming is taming

“…5.1 This point underlines that with regard to the future of humankind, the "mental landscapes" of a great number of people matter a lot and perhaps more than the visible 102 CWIS 31,2/3 factors, such as GNP (Duraković et al, 2012;Matzenberger, 2013;Watson and Hardaker, 2005;Watson et al, 2007;Lewis et al, 2005;Ahmed and Hardaker, 1999;Korotayev, 2008;Korotayev et al, 2011;Korotayev and Zinkina, 2014;Zinkina et al, 2013;Moskovkin et al, 2014;Breiling et al, 2005;Ahamer, 2008aAhamer, , 2012aMayer, 2013, 2014). 5.2 Furthermore, global interconnectivity with the individual as prime "carrier" matters a lot, and this trend -the importance of the "silent psychic factor" of vast masses of people in all countries -has been growing fast in the last decade.…”

Model Keperilakuan Atas Konsumsi Produk Bajakan

“…Fenomena ini juga terkait dengan mobilitas individu yang saat ini semakin tinggi sehingga membutuhkan gadget yang mampu mengkoneksikan semua kebutuhan, mulai dari transaksi perbankan sampai informasi-hiburan. Oleh karena itu, era perkembangan teknologi termasuk gadget menjadi faktor penting dibalik keperilakuan mengunduh mp3 dengan berbagai konsekuensinya (Lutz 2004;Fullerton & Schmidt 2005;Lewis, Graham, & Hardaker 2005;Graham et al, 2004;Kwong et al, 2003).…”

“…Oleh karena itu, beralasan jika beberapa musisi melakukan kampanye anti produk bajakan. Hal ini dilakukan karena produk bajakan mp3 yang diunduh oleh konsumen memberikan dampak negatif terhadap negara melalui rendahnya penerimaan pajak dan juga perkembangan industri musik rekaman itu sendiri karena royalti tidak dibayarkan (Beekhuyzen, Von Hellens, & Nielsen 2011;Lewis, Graham, & Hardaker 2005;Graham et al, 2004;Mathews 2001). Oleh karena itu, mata rantai dari dampak pembajakan tidak hanya bisa dikalkulasi dari produsen tapi juga bagi negara.…”

Applying student-generated theories about global change and energy demand

“…Help in political argumentation (Chumakov, 2014;Sayamov, 2013;Chumakov and Grinin, 2015;Schleicher, 1982;Köppl et al, 2014) is facilitated by differentiating into three degrees of efficiency of measures (including IT technology; Lewis et al, 2005) and therefore reaches beyond the old concept of a mere return on investment:…”