Evaluating the impact of the alcohol act on off‐trade alcohol sales: a natural experiment in
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Robinson, Mark; Geue, Claudia; Lewsey, James; Mackay, Daniel; McCartney, Gerry; Curnock, Esther; Beeston, Clare

doi:10.1111/add.12701

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Where legislation did exist in high-income countries this focused on point-of-sale advertising. The introduction in Scotland of restrictions on price promotions were relatively new, but had resulted in a 2.6% decrease in off-trade alcohol sales compared to England and Wales by September 2012 [15]. Thailand was the exception in the study in having fairly comprehensive restrictions on marketing, including efforts to control social media marketing, but this was necessarily restricted to that originating from inside Thailand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alcohol Environment Protocol: A new tool for alcohol policy

Casswell

Morojele

Williams

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Introduction and AimTo report data on the implementation of alcohol policies regarding availability and marketing, and drink driving, along with ratings of enforcement from two small high‐income to three high‐middle income countries, and one low‐middle income country.MethodThis study uses the Alcohol Environment Protocol, an International Alcohol Control study research tool, which documents the alcohol policy environment by standardised collection of data from administrative sources, observational studies and interviews with key informants to allow for cross‐country comparison and change over time.ResultsAll countries showed adoption to varying extents of key effective policy approaches outlined in the World Health Organization Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol (2010). High‐income countries were more likely to allocate resources to enforcement. However, where enforcement and implementation were high, policy on availability was fairly liberal. Key Informants judged alcohol to be very available in both high‐ and middle‐income countries, reflecting liberal policy in the former and less implementation and enforcement and informal (unlicensed) sale of alcohol in the latter. Marketing was largely unrestricted in all countries and while drink‐driving legislation was in place, it was less well enforced in middle‐income countries.ConclusionIn countries with fewer resources, alcohol policies are less effective because of lack of implementation and enforcement and, in the case of marketing, lack of regulation. This has implications for the increase in consumption taking place as a result of the expanding distribution and marketing of commercial alcohol and consequent increases in alcohol‐related harm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Alcohol Environment Protocol: A new tool for alcohol policy

Casswell

Morojele

Williams

et al. 2018

Drug and Alcohol Review

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“…For example, analysis of Nielsen market data has been invaluable in understanding alcohol-related harms in Scotland and evaluating its alcohol strategy. 405,406 The use of non-health data for health of the public research is discussed further in Chapter 4.…”

Section: Engaging With the Commercial Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health of People: How the social sciences can improve population health

Science¹

2017

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Harnessing new technologies and the digital revolutionNovel computational approaches and the ability to link datasets across environments have the power to transform our understanding of the full spectrum of health determinants and to catalyse the adoption of new methods for evaluating the health impacts of individual-and population-level interventions. Innovative technologies, from sensors to wearable devices to artificial intelligence, will also present great opportunities to transform the delivery of health and social care, and to help us achieve the shift towards prevention and early intervention. However, we will need access to data generated by a wide range of individuals and public and private organisations if we are to capitalise on the digital revolution for health. It will also require us to collectively address issues associated with data access, ethics, trust, regulation and skills. We therefore call for ongoing efforts by research funders and key stakeholders to stimulate new research programmes and approaches, and to invest in the necessary transdisciplinary training, for the integration, manipulation and analysis of these data within appropriate ethical and regulatory frameworks. Developing transdisciplinary research capacityThe health of the public research leaders of 2040 are in education and training today. This means we must act now to develop a UK-wide transdisciplinary research capacity with a holistic understanding of the wide range of determinants of health, and the skills and approaches necessary to address them. We therefore describe how to reconfigure the current training pathways to provide the workforce we require for the future, through the development of joint modules for undergraduates and postgraduates between public and population health courses and other disciplines relevant to the health of the public. Aligning perspectives and approachesBetter alignment between public health and clinical practice is needed if we are to achieve the necessary shift to prevention. Our health and social care workforce must be equipped to understand the fundamental principles of 'health of the public' and the continuum of interventions from population to individual. We set out how to achieve this through changes to training and continuing professional development. Our recommendation on the establishment of regional hubs of engagement will catalyse more structured, long-term and effective connection between practitioners and researchers, and ensure that health and social care is based on best available evidence. We also set out how to support decisions on wider implementation of, or disinvestment in, interventions by recommending that all major policies and programmes which impact health and health equity should have independent effectiveness and economic evaluation built in from the start. Working with all sectors of societyThe full societal value of research for the health of the public will not be realised until it is translated into improved health and health equity. This will require iterative ...

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“…vodka mixed with lemonade), although these account for a very small market share. While the studies arrived at different overall conclusions, it has been argued that there was some consistency in the results in terms of associations between the Alcohol Act and reductions in specific drink types .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although the ban reduced the number of products purchased on each shopping trip, this was offset by an increase in the frequency of shopping trips in which alcohol was purchased. In another study, which analysed retail sales data—considered the most accurate data for estimating population consumption —it was concluded that the legislation was associated with a 2.6% decrease in the total volume of alcohol sold in the off‐trade per adult in Scotland . This was driven mainly by a 4% fall in wine sales, but there was also an 8% fall in sales of pre‐mixed drinks (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The short‐term impact of the alcohol act on alcohol‐related deaths and hospital admissions in Scotland: a natural experiment

et al. 2017

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Background and aimThe introduction of the Alcohol Act in Scotland on 1 October 2011, which included a ban on multi‐buy promotions, was probably associated with a fall in off‐trade alcohol sales in the year after its implementation. The aim of this study was to test if the same legislation was associated with reduced levels of alcohol‐related deaths and hospital admissions in the 3‐year period after its introduction.DesignA natural experiment design using time–series data to assess the impact of the Alcohol Act legislation in Scotland. Comparisons were made with unexposed populations in the rest of Great Britain.SettingScotland with comparable data obtained for geographical control groups in other parts of Great Britain.ParticipantsFor alcohol‐related deaths, a total of 17 732 in Scotland and 88 001 in England and Wales throughout 169 4‐week periods between January 2001 and December 2013 and for alcohol‐related hospital admissions, a total of 121 314 in Scotland and 696 892 in England throughout 182 4‐week periods between January 2001 and December 2014.MeasurementsDeaths and hospital admissions in Scotland and control groups that were wholly attributable to alcohol for consecutive 4‐week periods between January 2001 and December 2014. Data were obtained by age, sex and area‐based socio‐economic position.FindingsThere was no evidence to suggest that the Alcohol Act was associated with changes in the overall rate of alcohol‐related deaths [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.91–1.07)] or hospital admissions (IRR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.95–1.02) in Scotland. In control group analyses, the pseudo intervention variable was not associated with a change in alcohol‐related death rates in England/Wales (IRR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.95–1.02), but was associated with an increase in alcohol‐related hospital admission rates in England (IRR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03–1.07). In combined models, the interaction analysis did not provide support for a ‘net effect’ of the legislation on alcohol‐related deaths in Scotland compared with England/Wales (IRR 0.99, 95% CI = 0.95–1.04), but suggested a net reduction in hospital admissions for Scotland compared with England (IRR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.87–0.98).ConclusionThe implementation of the Alcohol Act in Scotland has not been associated clearly with a reduction in alcohol‐related deaths or hospital admissions in the 3‐year period after it was implemented in October 2011.

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Evaluating the impact of the alcohol act on off‐trade alcohol sales: a natural experiment in S cotland

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

The Alcohol Environment Protocol: A new tool for alcohol policy

The Alcohol Environment Protocol: A new tool for alcohol policy

The Health of People: How the social sciences can improve population health

The short‐term impact of the alcohol act on alcohol‐related deaths and hospital admissions in Scotland: a natural experiment

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