Evaluating the degree of weathering in landslide-prone soils in the humid tropics: The case of Limbe, SW Cameroon

Bih, Vivian; Fontijn, Karen; Ernst, Gérald; Kervyn, Matthieu; Elburg, Marlina; Ranst, Éric Van; Suh, Cheo Emmanuel

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.10.013

Cited by 49 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…But recent studies have also shown that PXRF can be employed to calibrate for a range of soil properties (McLaren et al, 2012;Weindorf et al, 2009Weindorf et al, , 2012bWeindorf et al, , 2012cWeindorf et al, , 2013aZhu and Weindorf, 2009;Zhu et al, 2011) and in addition can also be used to investigate the degree of soil weathering (Che et al, 2012). In a recent study, for example, Wang et al (2013) also presented the complementary use of PXRF and Fourier transform NIR spectroscopy to predict soil texture.…”

Section: Pxrf For Measuring Soil Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tThere are tens of millions of contaminated soil sites in the world, and with an increasing population and associated risk there is a growing pressure to remediate them. A barrier to remediation is the lack of cost-effective approaches to assessment. Soil contaminants include a wide range of natural and synthetic metallic and organic compounds and minerals thus making analytical costs potentially very large. Further, soil contaminants show a large degree of spatial variation which increases the burden on sampling costs. This paper reviews potentially cost-effective methods for measurement, sampling design, and assessment. Current tiered investigation approaches and sampling strategies can be improved by using new technologies such as proximal sensing. Design of sampling can be aided by on-the-go proximal soil sensing; and expedited by subsequent adaptive spatially optimal sampling and prediction procedures enabled by field spectroscopic methods and advanced geostatistics. Field deployment of portable Visible & Near Infrared [wavelength 400-2500 nm] (Vis-NIR) and X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectroscopies will require special calibration approaches but show huge potential for synergistic use. The use of mid-infrared spectroscopy [wavelength 2500-25,000 nm, wavenumber 4000-400 cm −1 ] (MIR) for field implementation requires further adaptive research. We propose an integrated field-deployable methodology as a basis for further developments. Crown

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Section: Pxrf For Measuring Soil Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

et al. 2015

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“…Hill et al ( 2002 ) and Kurtz et al ( 2000 ) have shown that immobile elements like Zr (or Y and Th) are redistributed within the weathered soil pro fi le. This redistribution may result from physical, chemical, and biological processes that operate on the earth's surface (Anderson et al 2002 ;Che et al 2012 ) . Petrographic evidence ( Rubin et al 1993 ;Flohr and Ross 1990 ) suggests that Zr may be mobile in soil under a wide range of geological settings (Hao et al 2010 ;Malandrino et al 2011 ;Ribeiroa et al 2010 ;Liu et al 2010 ) .…”

Section: Retention Mobility and Bioavailability Of Zr In Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior and Impact of Zirconium in the Soil–Plant System: Plant Uptake and Phytotoxicity

Shahid

Ferrand

Schreck

et al. 2012

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 221

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Zirconium (Zr) is a transition metal that has both stable and radioactive isotopes.This metal has gained significant attention as a major pollutant of concern, partly because it has been prominent in the debate concerning the growing anthropogenic pressure on the environment. Its numerous past and present uses have induced significant soil and water pollution. Zr is generally considered to have low mobility in soils. The behavior of Zr particularly depends on the characteristics of the media in which it exists, and even its presence in the biosphere as a contaminate may affect its behavior. In this chapter, we describe the relationship between the behavior of Zrand its speciation in soils, its uptake and accumulation by plants, its translocation and toxicity inside plants, and mechanisms by which plants detoxify it.Zr is abundant and occurs naturally in the earth's crust. Zr emissions to the atmosphere are increasing from anthropogenic activities such as its use in industry and nuclear reactors. Zr forms various complexes with soil components, which reduces its soil mobility and phytoavailabilty. The mobility and phytoavailabilty of Zr in soil depend on its speciation and the physicochemical properties of soil that include soil pH, texture, and organic contents. Despite having low soil mobility and phytoavailability,amounts of Zr are absorbed by plants, mainly through the root system and can thereby enter the food chain.After plant uptake, Zr mainly accumulates in root cells. Zr does not have any known essential function in plant or animal metabolism. Although little published data are available, we conclude that the phytotoxicity of Zr is generally low.Notwithstanding, Zr can significantly reduce plant growth and can affect plantenzyme activity. When exposed to Zr-induced toxicity, plants possess numerous defense mechanisms to cope with the toxicity. Such strategies include Zr sequestration in plant roots and activation of various antioxidants. Because Zr may have impact on the biosphere, we believe it deserves to be evaluated in supplementary studies that will enhance the understanding of its behavior in soil-plant systems.

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“…Other natural hazards occurring in the Mount Cameroon area include landslides (Che et al 2011(Che et al , 2012a, especially on the SE flank which records at least one landslide every year. These landslides occur on old hilly volcanic terrain with deeply weathered soils which are cultivated by a growing population (Che et al 2012a, b).…”

Section: Mount Cameroon: General Setting and Types Of Natural Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Management of Geological Hazards and Risks in the Mt Cameroon Area Using Focus Group Discussions

Marmol

Fontijn

Atanga

et al. 2017

Advances in Volcanology

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The scientific evaluation of hazards and risks remains a primary concern in poorly known volcanic regions. The use of such information to develop an effective risk management structure and risk reduction actions however also poses important challenges. We here present the results of a series of focus group discussions (FGDs) organised with city councillors from three municipalities around Mt Cameroon volcano, Cameroon. The Mt Cameroon area is a volcanically and tectonically active region regularly affected in the historical past by lava flows, landslides and earthquake swarms, and has a potential for crater lake outgassing. The lower flanks of the volcano are densely populated and the site of intense economic development. The FGDs were aimed at the elicitation of (1) the knowledge and perception of geological hazards, (2) the state of preparedness and the implementation of mitigation and prevention actions by the municipalities, (3) the evaluation of the effectiveness of the structure of communication channels established to respond to emergency situations, and (4) the recovery from an emergency. In all three municipalities stakeholders had good knowledge of the risks, except for processes never experienced in the region. They generally grasped the causes of landslides or floods but were less familiar with volcano-tectonic processes. Stakeholders identified the lack of strategic planning to monitor hazards and mitigate their impacts as a major weakness, requesting additional education and scientific support. Response to natural hazards is mostly based on informal communication channels and is supported by a high level of trust between local scientists, decision makers and the population. Actions are taken to raise awareness and implement basic mitigation and prevention actions, based on the willingness of local political leaders. The strong centralisation of the risk management process at the national level and the lack of political and financial means at the local level are major limitations in the implementation of an effective risk management strategy adapted to local risk conditions. Our case study highlights the need for earth and social scientists to actively work together with national and local authorities to translate the findings of scientific hazard and risk assessment into improved risk management practices.

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Evaluating the degree of weathering in landslide-prone soils in the humid tropics: The case of Limbe, SW Cameroon

Cited by 49 publications

References 48 publications

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

Potential of integrated field spectroscopy and spatial analysis for enhanced assessment of soil contamination: A prospective review

Behavior and Impact of Zirconium in the Soil–Plant System: Plant Uptake and Phytotoxicity

Investigating the Management of Geological Hazards and Risks in the Mt Cameroon Area Using Focus Group Discussions

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