Evaluating the cost and carbon footprint of second-life electric vehicle batteries in residential and utility-level applications

Kamath, Dipti; Shukla, Siddharth; Arsenault, Renata; Kim, Hyung Chul; Anctil, Annick

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2020.05.034

Cited by 84 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For solar PV generation and self-consumption, Norway has the lowest solar irradiation of the countries assessed and the least change in energy costs (Figure 2). These results illustrate the correlation between economic benefits and solar irradiation, which confirms Kamath et al's [42] finding. Businesses planning EM operations should consider this in decision-making processes.…”

Section: Solar Photovoltaic Generation and Self-consumptionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…When integrating local solar PV generation to a BESS, solar irradiance (which naturally depends on location) largely determines the extent of power generation. Hence, it is an important factor to examine for potential economic benefits [42]. A solar PV system generates economic value throughout its lifetime due to either selling the power generated through the grid [15] or selfconsumption and therefore reduction of electricity purchase.…”

Section: Economic and Environmental Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multiple Scenario Analysis of Battery Energy Storage System Investment: Measuring Economic and Circular Viability

Wrålsen

Faessler

2022

Batteries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Circular business models for batteries have been revealed in earlier research to achieve economic viability while reducing total resource consumption of raw materials. The objective of this study is to measure the economic performance of the preferred business model by creating different scenarios comparing second life (spent) and new battery investment for seven different European regions and four energy management strategies. Findings reveal levels of economic ability for a total of 34 scenarios simulated, including direct savings per kWh, a total change in energy costs per year, battery charge/discharge cycles, and comparative breakeven analyses. Regional effects are also measured based on day-ahead electricity prices and solar irradiation. The minimum payback time is 7 years before battery system investment costs are covered. The most viable energy management strategies also had the highest number of charge/discharge cycles, which decreases battery lifetime. Investment in a second life battery compared to a new battery reduced the payback time by 0.5 to 2 years due to lower investment costs. However, the estimated lifetime range (3 to 10 years) is lower compared to a new battery (5 to 15 years), which questions the circular business model viability for the scenarios studied. Energy management strategies should be combined and customized to increase economic benefits.

show abstract

Section: Solar Photovoltaic Generation and Self-consumptionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Economic and Environmental Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Scenario Analysis of Battery Energy Storage System Investment: Measuring Economic and Circular Viability

Wrålsen

Faessler

2022

Batteries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a day, the electricity price is different at different times [124]. In Germany, the electricity price at peak periods (2 p.m. to 8 p.m.) is 2.5 times that in the middle peak period (7 a.m. to 2 p.m. and 8 p.m. to 10 p.m.) and 3.3 times that in the nonpeak period (10 p.m. to 7 a.m. the next day) [125].…”

Section: Operation Stage Driving Routes and Energy Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Environmental Efficiency Evaluation of New Energy Vehicles Using Life Cycle Analysis

Wang

Tang

2022

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

New energy vehicles (NEVs), especially electric vehicles (EVs), address the important task of reducing the greenhouse effect. It is particularly important to measure the environmental efficiency of new energy vehicles, and the life cycle analysis (LCA) model provides a comprehensive evaluation method of environmental efficiency. To provide researchers with knowledge regarding the research trends of LCA in NEVs, a total of 282 related studies were counted from the Web of Science database and analyzed regarding their research contents, research preferences, and research trends. The conclusion drawn from this research is that the stages of energy resource extraction and collection, carrier production and energy transportation, maintenance, and replacement are not considered to be research links. The stages of material, equipment, and car transportation and operation equipment settling, and forms of use need to be considered in future research. Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs), vehicle type classification, the water footprint, battery recovery and reuse, and battery aging are the focus of further research, and comprehensive evaluation combined with more evaluation methods is the direction needed for the optimization of LCA. According to the results of this study regarding EV and hybrid power vehicles (including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and extended range electric vehicles (EREV)), well-to-wheel (WTW) average carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been less than those in the same period of gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles (GICEV). However, EV and hybrid electric vehicle production CO2 emissions have been greater than those during the same period of GICEV and the total CO2 emissions of EV have been less than during the same period of GICEV.

show abstract

“…Some retired power batteries remain possessing about 80% of their initial capacity 40 – 43 . So they can be repurposed and utilized once again, for example, to serve the batteries in the stationary energy storage system 44 – 47 . Governments in various countries have acknowledged this emergent issue and prepared to launch their policies to deal with the recovery and reuse of repurposed batteries, such as coding principles, traceability management system, manufacturing factory guidelines, dismantling process guidelines, residual energy measurement, federal and state tax credits, rebates, and other financial support 48 – 50 .…”

Section: Background and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge and discharge profiles of repurposed LiFePO4 batteries based on the UL 1974 standard

Chung

2021

Sci Data

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Owing to the popularization of electric vehicles worldwide and the development of renewable energy supply, Li-ion batteries are widely used from small-scale personal mobile products to large-scale energy storage systems. Recently, the number of retired power batteries has largely increased, causing environmental protection threats and waste of resources. Since most of the retired power batteries still possess about 80% of their initial capacity, their second use becomes a possible route to solve the emergent problem. Safety and performance are important when using these second-use repurposed batteries. Underwriters Laboratories (UL), a global safety certification company, published the standard for evaluating the safety and performance of repurposed batteries, i.e., UL 1974. In this work, the test procedures are designed according to UL 1974, and the charge and discharge profile datasets of the LiFePO4 repurposed batteries are provided. Researchers and engineers can use the characteristic curves to evaluate the quality of the repurposed batteries. Furthermore, the profile datasets can be applied in the model-based engineering of repurposed batteries, e.g., fitting the variables of an empirical model or validating the results of a theoretical model.

show abstract

Evaluating the cost and carbon footprint of second-life electric vehicle batteries in residential and utility-level applications

Cited by 84 publications

References 56 publications

Multiple Scenario Analysis of Battery Energy Storage System Investment: Measuring Economic and Circular Viability

Multiple Scenario Analysis of Battery Energy Storage System Investment: Measuring Economic and Circular Viability

A Review on Environmental Efficiency Evaluation of New Energy Vehicles Using Life Cycle Analysis

Charge and discharge profiles of repurposed LiFePO4 batteries based on the UL 1974 standard

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About