2009
DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2008.11.001
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Evaluating the Clinical and Cardiopulmonary Effects of Clove Oil and Propofol in Tiger Salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum)

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Cited by 32 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…The present study showed a negative chronotropic effect in Daphnia magna induced by CO alone at both concentrations, however more increased bradycardia was noted at the higher concentration of CO. The effects are similar to those observed by other authors who found that CO and other anaesthetics induce hypotension and bradycardia in fish and mammals (Lahlou et al, 2004;Mitchell et al, 2009;Huang et al, 2012). It is known that inhibition of heart rate caused by CO is associated with biological properties of eugenol which affects cardiac muscles acting as a Na + and Ca 2+ channel blocker, however its mechanisms of action on ionic channels both in vertebrates and invertebrates are not completely understood (Bekker and Krijgsman, 1951;Dyson et al, 1998;Chung et al, 2008).…”
Section: Heart Activitysupporting
confidence: 87%
“…The present study showed a negative chronotropic effect in Daphnia magna induced by CO alone at both concentrations, however more increased bradycardia was noted at the higher concentration of CO. The effects are similar to those observed by other authors who found that CO and other anaesthetics induce hypotension and bradycardia in fish and mammals (Lahlou et al, 2004;Mitchell et al, 2009;Huang et al, 2012). It is known that inhibition of heart rate caused by CO is associated with biological properties of eugenol which affects cardiac muscles acting as a Na + and Ca 2+ channel blocker, however its mechanisms of action on ionic channels both in vertebrates and invertebrates are not completely understood (Bekker and Krijgsman, 1951;Dyson et al, 1998;Chung et al, 2008).…”
Section: Heart Activitysupporting
confidence: 87%
“…Species differences in the speed and efficacy of propofol absorption across coelomic membranes, or differences in protein binding or receptor affinity, may explain these discrepancies in response, and further investigation of different doses and effects in additional species is indicated. No toad in this study exhibited any signs suggestive of coelomic irritation following administration of propofol, which was expected given the lack of previous adverse reports following intracoelomic injection in other species and that inadvertent extravascular injection in domestic dogs and cats has not been associated with tissue irritation (Plumb, 2008;Mitchell et al, 2009). Although the intracoelomic route of administration was selected for this study, intravenous and intraosseous administration of propofol has been reported in amphibians (Mitchell, 2009).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 59%
“…Ventilatory depression and apnea have been reported in multiple amphibian species when using a variety of anesthetic protocols (Lafortune et al, 2001;Wright, 2001;Andersen and Wang, 2002;Stetter, 2007;Mitchell, 2009;Mitchell et al, 2009). Because amphibians use multiple methods for respiratory exchange (pulmonary, buccopharyngeal, and cutaneous), apnea is less of a concern than in other vertebrate groups, although hypoxia and respiratory acidosis have been reported in several amphibian species (including Bufo toads) during periods of apnea (Wright, 2001;Andersen and Wang, 2002;Coelho and Smatresk, 2003).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The 96 h LC50 value for clove oil obtained using FETAX (21.6 mg/l) indicated that X. laevis embryos are less sensitive than fish embryos and juvenile fish. Although the recommended concentrations of clove oil for the short-term immobilization of fish range from 40 up to 100 mg/l (Keene et al 1998;Waterstrat 1999), convenient clove oil concentrations for immersion anaesthesia for amphibians differ according to the genus and size of the animal and range from 300 to 450 mg/l (Lafortune et al 2001;Guenette et al 2007;Mitchell et al 2009). Interspecies differences in anaesthetic effects, induction time and analgesia in amphibians are attributed to differences in metabolisms of individual species, the route of administration and in the case of immersion or topical administration, to the rate of absorption of the drug across the skin ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%