Evaluating the Causes and Consequences of Internal Displacement of Persons in Kaduna State

Abstract

The constraints faced by IDPs were many ranging from inadequate housing, poor medical health care, hazardous work, vulnerability of women and children to trafficking and sexual exploitation, discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, class or gender as well as break in social relations. The aim of the study was to assess the nature of internal displacement in terms of causes and consequences of the internally displaced persons in Kaduna State. The sample population was drawn from the three senatorial zones. Purposive/availability sampling was used in selecting the settlements. The results had shown movement of internally displaced persons (IDPs) from one local government to another and from neighboring states into the study area. The study also revealed that the level of integration between the IDPs and the host communities is higher in rural areas as a result of the small size of the settlements which allows easier cohesion between the communities. The study recommended for public awareness on the large number of IDPs presence in the society and the need to empower them. The virtue of tolerance and forgiveness should be encouraged among the people to strengthen mutual co-existence in the society.

Migration drivers, income inequality and rural attachment in deprived remote areas prone to cattle rustling in Nigeria

“…In other words, scarcity can be worsened when people are forced to migrate into resource-constrained communities. Numerous studies on violent conflicts have found increasing social and communal conflict in the aftermath of shocks driven by disasters of natural origin, such as floods or droughts in Africa (Ducrotoy et al, 2016;A. Ibrahim et al, 2018;Kaimba et al, 2011).…”

“…A. Ibrahim et al (2018) employed a large amount of data obtained from pastoral households and argued for the need to enhance rural wellbeing so as to reduce the occurrences of social vices in Nigeria.…”

“…Cattle rustling as a traditional form of social conflict often involves smallscale violence and theft of the best livestock breeds in order to replenish the herding stock due to livestock loss induced by environmental hazards including droughts, floods, cyclone and disease (A. Ibrahim et al, 2018;Kaimba et al, 20112011). In Nigeria, before the commercialization of cattle rustling in the last two decades, cases of death of human being was rare and when death occurred, it was often fully compensated.…”

“…), cattle rustling is increasingly deepening the humanitarian issues, as cattle raiders in most cases murder or rape women before stealing their animals, kidnap and cause the displacement of some affected villages to internally displaced centres (A. Ibrahim et al, 2018).…”

“…Migration,in the context of cattle raiding, is defined as the movement of people from communities under the threat of cattle rustling to other safe places (A. Ibrahim et al, 2018). This cattle rustling-induced mobility is distinct to routine seasonal migration from northern to southern Nigeria in search of pasture and water (Alieroand A. Ibrahim, 2012).…”