Evaluating Summer-Time Ozone Enhancement Events in the Southeast United States

Johnson, Matthew S.; Kuang, Shi; Wang, Lihua; Newchurch, M. J.

doi:10.3390/atmos7080108

Cited by 16 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The significant ozone enhancement observed above 3.4 ( Figure 6) can be explained by the northeasterly transport of the descending dry air from the near tropopause. Johnson et al [2016] quantified the tropospheric ozone budget above Huntsville of the same case using a chemical transport model and found the ozone between 3 and 6 km for 29 June 2013 was on averagẽ 60% from long-range transport and STT. Figure 9 presents the NOAA WP-3D airborne observations for the entire flight on 29 June 2013 used to investigate the average relationship between species.…”

Section: Wp-3d Airborne Measurement Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Summertime tropospheric ozone enhancement associated with a cold front passage due to stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport and biomass burning: Simultaneous ground‐based lidar and airborne measurements

et al. 2017

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Stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport (STT) and biomass burning (BB) are two important natural sources for tropospheric ozone that can result in elevated ozone and air‐quality episode events. High‐resolution observations of multiple related species are critical for complex ozone source attribution. In this article, we present an analysis of coinciding ground‐based and airborne observations, including ozone lidar, ozonesonde, high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL), and multiple airborne in situ measurements, made on 28 and 29 June 2013 during the Southeast Nexus field campaign. The ozone lidar and HSRL reveal detailed ozone and aerosol structures as well as the temporal evolution associated with a cold front passage. The observations also captured two enhanced (+30 ppbv) ozone layers in the free troposphere (FT), which were determined from this study to be caused by a mixture of BB and stratospheric sources. The mechanism for this STT is tropopause folding associated with a cutoff upper level low‐pressure system according to the analysis of its potential vorticity structure. The depth of the tropopause fold appears to be shallow for this case compared to events observed in other seasons; however, the impact on lower tropospheric ozone was clearly observed. This event suggests that strong STT may occur in the southeast United States during the summer and can potentially impact lower troposphere during these times. Statistical analysis of the airborne observations of trace gases suggests a coincident influence of BB transport in the FT impacting the vertical structure of ozone during this case study.

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Section: Wp-3d Airborne Measurement Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Summertime tropospheric ozone enhancement associated with a cold front passage due to stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport and biomass burning: Simultaneous ground‐based lidar and airborne measurements

et al. 2017

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“…The global/regional 3‐D CTM, GEOS‐Chem v9‐02 (http://geos-chem.org), was applied during this study to simulate emissions, atmospheric chemistry, and transport of aerosols and precursor gases and followed the setup similar to Johnson et al (). Assimilated meteorological fields from the Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS‐5) of NASA's Global Modeling Assimilation Office were applied to drive GEOS‐Chem transport and meteorology (Bey et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating Aerosol Types from CHemistry (CATCH): A New Algorithm to Extend the Link Between Remote Sensing and Models

et al. 2017

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Current remote sensing methods can identify aerosol types within an atmospheric column, presenting an opportunity to incrementally bridge the gap between remote sensing and models. Here a new algorithm was designed for Creating Aerosol Types from CHemistry (CATCH). CATCH‐derived aerosol types—dusty mix, maritime, urban, smoke, and fresh smoke—are based on first‐generation airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL‐1) retrievals during the Ship‐Aircraft Bio‐Optical Research (SABOR) campaign, July/August 2014. CATCH is designed to derive aerosol types from model output of chemical composition. CATCH‐derived aerosol types are determined by multivariate clustering of model‐calculated variables that have been trained using retrievals of aerosol types from HSRL‐1. CATCH‐derived aerosol types (with the exception of smoke) compare well with HSRL‐1 retrievals during SABOR with an average difference in aerosol optical depth (AOD) <0.03. Data analysis shows that episodic free tropospheric transport of smoke is underpredicted by the Goddard Earth Observing System‐ with Chemistry (GEOS‐Chem) model. Spatial distributions of CATCH‐derived aerosol types for the North American model domain during July/August 2014 show that aerosol type‐specific AOD values occurred over representative locations: urban over areas with large population, maritime over oceans, smoke, and fresh smoke over typical biomass burning regions. This study demonstrates that model‐generated information on aerosol chemical composition can be translated into aerosol types analogous to those retrieved from remote sensing methods. In the future, spaceborne HSRL‐1 and CATCH can be used to gain insight into chemical composition of aerosol types, reducing uncertainties in estimates of aerosol radiative forcing.

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“…gov/missions/TOLNet/, last access: 23 May 2018). TOLNet data have been used extensively in atmospheric chemistry research on topics such as STE, air pollution transport, nocturnal O 3 enhancements, PBL pollution entrainment, source attribution of O 3 lamina, and the impact of wildfire and lightning NO x on tropospheric O 3 (e.g., Kuang et al, 2011;Sullivan et al, 2015a, Johnson et al, 2016Granados-Muñoz et al, 2017;Langford et al, 2017). Uncertainty in TOLNet O 3 measurements due to systematic error is approximately 4-5 % for all instruments at all altitudes.…”

Section: Tolnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of potential sources of a priori ozone profiles for TEMPO tropospheric ozone retrievals

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Potential sources of a priori ozone (O3) profiles for use in Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) satellite tropospheric O3 retrievals are evaluated with observations from multiple Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) systems in North America. An O3 profile climatology (tropopause-based O3 climatology (TB-Clim), currently proposed for use in the TEMPO O3 retrieval algorithm) derived from ozonesonde observations and O3 profiles from three separate models (operational Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) Forward Processing (FP) product, reanalysis product from Modern-era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA2), and the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM)) were: (1) evaluated with TOLNet measurements on various temporal scales (seasonally, daily, and hourly) and (2) implemented as a priori information in theoretical TEMPO tropospheric O3 retrievals in order to determine how each a priori impacts the accuracy of retrieved tropospheric (0–10 km) and lowermost tropospheric (LMT, 0–2 km) O3 columns. We found that all sources of a priori O3 profiles evaluated in this study generally reproduced the vertical structure of summer-averaged observations. However, larger differences between the a priori profiles and lidar observations were calculated when evaluating inter-daily and diurnal variability of tropospheric O3. The TB-Clim O3 profile climatology was unable to replicate observed inter-daily and diurnal variability of O3 while model products, in particular GEOS-Chem simulations, displayed more skill in reproducing these features. Due to the ability of models, primarily the CTM used in this study, on average to capture the inter-daily and diurnal variability of tropospheric and LMT O3 columns, using a priori profiles from CTM simulations resulted in TEMPO retrievals with the best statistical comparison with lidar observations. Furthermore, important from an air quality perspective, when high LMT O3 values were observed, using CTM a priori profiles resulted in TEMPO LMT O3 retrievals with the least bias. The application of near-real-time (non-climatological) hourly and daily model predictions as the a priori profile in TEMPO O3 retrievals will be best suited when applying this data to study air quality or event-based processes as the standard retrieval algorithm will still need to use a climatology product. Follow-on studies to this work are currently being conducted to investigate the application of different CTM-predicted O3 climatology products in the standard TEMPO retrieval algorithm. Finally, similar methods to those used in this study can be easily applied by TEMPO data users to recalculate tropospheric O3 profiles provided from the standard retrieval using a different source of a priori.

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Evaluating Summer-Time Ozone Enhancement Events in the Southeast United States

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Summertime tropospheric ozone enhancement associated with a cold front passage due to stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport and biomass burning: Simultaneous ground‐based lidar and airborne measurements

Summertime tropospheric ozone enhancement associated with a cold front passage due to stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport and biomass burning: Simultaneous ground‐based lidar and airborne measurements

Creating Aerosol Types from CHemistry (CATCH): A New Algorithm to Extend the Link Between Remote Sensing and Models

Evaluation of potential sources of a priori ozone profiles for TEMPO tropospheric ozone retrievals

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