Evaluating ozone air pollution effects on pines in the western United States

Miller, Paul R.; Duriscoe, Dan M.; Pronos, J.; Stolte, Kenneth W.

doi:10.2737/psw-gtr-155

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Fourth, the species' elevation changes were unrelated to the known patterns of ozone sensitivity. P. jeffreyi is considered more sensitive to ozone than Abies concolor or Q. chrysolepis (22,23), whereas P. jeffreyi exhibited less upslope movement (Table 1). Fifth, we are unaware of previous studies that have attributed altitudinal vegetation redistribution (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid shifts in plant distribution with recent climate change

Kelly

Goulden²

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,041

793

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A change in climate would be expected to shift plant distribution as species expand in newly favorable areas and decline in increasingly hostile locations. We compared surveys of plant cover that were made in 1977 and 2006 -2007 along a 2,314-m elevation gradient in Southern California's Santa Rosa Mountains. Southern California's climate warmed at the surface, the precipitation variability increased, and the amount of snow decreased during the 30-year period preceding the second survey. We found that the average elevation of the dominant plant species rose by Ϸ65 m between the surveys. This shift cannot be attributed to changes in air pollution or fire frequency and appears to be a consequence of changes in regional climate.plant migration ͉ range shift C limate controls the distribution of many plants (1, 2). Future changes in climate are projected to cause changes in vegetation distribution (3). The global mean land surface has warmed 0.27°C per decade since 1979 (4), but it is unclear whether this change has caused widespread shifts in plant distribution (5). Parmesan and Yohe (6) compiled studies on many species, including alpine herbs, birds, and butterflies, and found an average poleward shift of 6.1 km per decade. Several studies have attributed widespread changes in plant growth or mortality to climate change (7), but these efforts have focused on general trends within biomes rather than identifying spatially coherent redistribution patterns. Studies of plant phenology have attributed longer growing seasons, earlier onset of flowering, and earlier harvest to climate warming (5, 6). The few studies that have shown evidence of plant shifts have focused on the edges of plant ranges (8-10). The lack of evidence of widespread plant range shifts may reflect the limited dispersal of plants (11,12), or it may simply reflect the paucity of long-term records of plant distribution.The Deep Canyon Transect in Southern California's Santa Rosa Mountains spans several plant communities and climates (13) and provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the climatic controls on plant distribution (2, 14). The transect rises from 244 m to 2,560 m over 16 km, climbing through desert scrub, pinyon-juniper woodland, chaparral shrubland, and conifer forest. The overall climate is arid and semiarid, with predominantly cool-season precipitation. The annual precipitation, proportion of precipitation falling as snow, and probability of frost increase with increasing elevation, and the annual mean temperature and interannual precipitation variability decrease with increasing elevation [supporting information (SI) ResultsA total of 141 species were recorded along the transect in 2006-2007. Many of these species were found at only one or two elevations. Ten of the species were dominant at three or more elevations, and we focused our analysis on these plants (Fig. 1).The distributions of some of these species were similar; for example, Ceanothus greggii and Quercus cornelius-mulleri had broadly similar distributions throughout ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid shifts in plant distribution with recent climate change

Kelly

Goulden²

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

1,041

793

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“…Mortality and damage was highest in the 1970s when ozone concentrations reached their peak. Ozone concentrations steadily declined between 1976 and 1991 and a concurrent reduction in injury to the crowns of ponderosa and Jeffrey pines was observed (Miller et al 1996).…”

Section: Ozone Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forests on the western side of the range are exposed to much higher levels of ozone and are experiencing the most damage (Miller et al 1989). Monitoring of study sites in the west-side forests over a fourteen-year period (1974 to 1988) found that ponderosa and Jeffrey pine are losing basal area in relation to competing species that are more tolerant to ozone, namely, white fir, incense-cedar, and black oak (Miller et al 1996). The accumulation of more stems of ozone-tolerant species in the understory presents a fuel ladder situation that jeopardizes the remaining overstory trees in the event of a catastrophic fire.…”

Section: The Influence Of Private Land Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CDFG is currently conducting a statewide environmental review of its policy on suction dredging (USFWS 1998a). Long-term studies to determine the effects that air pollution is having on forest vegetation have occurred in the San Bernardino Mountains and, to a lesser extent, in the San Gabriel Mountains (Miller et al 1996;Miller and McBride 1999). Prevailing climatic conditions transport most of the air pollution from the Los Angeles Basin into these mountains (Miller et al 1989).…”

Section: Nonspecificmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prevailing climatic conditions transport most of the air pollution from the Los Angeles Basin into these mountains (Miller et al 1989). The two depositional components of air pollution that have the greatest effect on ecosystems are ozone (reviewed in Miller et al 1996) and nitrogen (reviewed in Bytnerowicz and Fenn 1996).…”

Section: Nonspecificmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Southern California Mountains and Foothills Assessment: Habitat and Species Conservation Issues

Stephenson¹,

Calcarone²

2016

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Stephenson, John R.; Calcarone, Gena M. 1999. Southern California mountains and foothills assessment: habitat and species conservation issues. General Technical Report GTR-PSW-175. Albany, CA: Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; 402 p. The Southern California Mountains and Foothills Assessment: Habitat and SpeciesConservation Issues provides detailed information about current conditions and trends for ecological systems and species in the region. This information can be used by land managers to develop broad land management goals and priorities and provides the context for decisions specific to smaller geographic areas. The assessment area covers 6.1 million acres, of which 56 percent are national forest system lands. Over eighteen million people live in the coastal basin bordering the assessment area. As compared to historic conditions, mountain and foothill ecosystems in this region have undergone dramatic changes. Forested landscapes are more susceptible to stand-replacing fires. Invasive non-native species have become widely established, causing a decline in habitat capability for many native plants and animals. An extensive network of dams and diversions has altered aquatic systems. Some areas of high ecological integrity remain and can serve as building blocks for restoration. Biological diversity is not uniformly distributed across the landscape; rare species in particular tend to be concentrated in certain habitats. Key areas of high ecological integrity and rare species assemblages are identified in this report. This assessment provides a rich information base, including over eighty mapped themes with associated models and databases, from which future decisions can benefit.Retrieval Terms: Southern California, ecosystem, biodiversity, land management Publisher:Albany, California The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD).To file a compliant, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250, or call (800) 245-6340 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer. iii Contents ............................................................................................................... iii List of Figures and Tables ........................................................................................ vii Preface ............................................................................................................... xiii Contributors.......................................................................................................... xiv C...

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Patterns of tree mortality in a temperate deciduous forest derived from a large forest dynamics plot

et al. 2016

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Teixeira. 2016. Patterns of tree mortality in a temperate deciduous forest derived from a large forest dynamics plot.Ecosphere 7(12):e01595. 10. 1002/ecs2.1595 Abstract. Tree mortality is one of the most influential drivers of forest dynamics, and characterizing patterns of tree mortality is critical to understanding forest dynamics and ecosystem function in the present era of global change. Here, we use a unique data set of mortality in a temperate deciduous forest to characterize rates and drivers of mortality. At the 25.6-ha Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory forest dynamics plot at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (Virginia, USA), we conducted two full tree censuses in 2008 and 2013 and then tracked mortality over the next 2 years (2014 and 2015). Overall, the mortality rate, m, of stems ≥10 cm diameter was 1.3-2.1%/yr. Biomass mortality, M, was 1.9-3.4 MgÁha at the stand level (0.6-1.1%/yr of biomass), less than biomass gains from growth and recruitment, resulting in net live biomass accumulation. Small stems died at the highest rate; however, contributions to M increased toward larger size classes. Most species had m < 2%/yr and M < 0.25 MgÁha À1 Áyr À1 (<3%/yr of biomass), whereas two to four species had anomalously high mortality rates during each census period, accounting for 15-24% of m (n = 2, Cercis canadensis, Ulmus species) and 39-75% of M (n = 4 Quercus species). Stems that died, whether or not in association with mechanical damage, tended to grow more slowly in preceding years than surviving stems and, for certain shade-intolerant species, tended to be in neighborhoods with higher basal area. These findings show how relatively fine-scale mortality processes contribute to stand-level compositional change and carbon cycling. The mortality patterns reported here will provide a valuable basis for understanding future disturbance events within eastern deciduous forests and for comparing across forest types.

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Evaluating ozone air pollution effects on pines in the western United States

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

Rapid shifts in plant distribution with recent climate change

Rapid shifts in plant distribution with recent climate change

Southern California Mountains and Foothills Assessment: Habitat and Species Conservation Issues

Patterns of tree mortality in a temperate deciduous forest derived from a large forest dynamics plot

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