Evaluating energy and resource efficiency for recovery of metallurgical residues using environmental and economic analysis

Maria, Andrea Di; Merchán, Mikel; Marchand, Michel; Eguizabal, David; Cortázar, Maider García de; Acker, Karel Van

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131790

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The metallurgical sector in European Union uses up to 33% of the total energy consumptions that comes from productions of ferrous and non-ferrous metals 2 , 4 , 5 . Based on it several strategies in many developed countries have been implemented in the metallurgical sector to reduce the usage of primary energy and materials, such as optimization of incoming energy and materials flows, adjustment of energy-related processes, and valorization of process residues 6 – 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the wind potential energy for metallurgical sector in Albania

Dhoska,

Bebi,

Markja

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The metallurgical industry, in the context of the global energy crisis and the new European green deal, needs urgent investments on energy and resource efficiency. The metallurgical sector, which includes the production of different metals is an energy-intensive industry that requires large amounts of energy for various processes such as smelting, refining, and casting. One of the largest consumptions of energy in Albania comes from the metallurgical sector during the production of iron, steel, chromium and aluminum which corresponds respectively to three private companies called “Kurum International Ltd”, “AlbChorme Ltd” and “Everest Ltd”. During the last three years, these companies have temporary interrupted the production process due to the higher electricity price that come from imports. Based on it, our research work presents the energy efficiency analysis in the Albanian metallurgical sector by focusing on the implementation of wind energy in the above mentioned private metallurgical companies, because adding new generation capacity from Renewable Energy Sources in a context of industrial energy communities, will contribute to improve the security of supply for this industry. The Wind Balkan Atlas, New European Wind Atlas, and Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) has been used to select the appropriate areas and to develop the wind potential distribution maps, as well as to select the most suitable type of wind turbine based on capacity factors. Two areas were selected close to the metallurgical sectors in the regions of “Vajkal” in Bulqizë and “Selitë e Malit” in Tirana. It has been installed the power of 9 MW for each wind farm, with a capacity factor of 40% and 36.6% respectively, and with a total annual energy production of about 60 GWh/year, these wind farms will cover about 26% of the total annual consumption of companies. Clean Energy Management Software (RETScreen Expert) was used for the detailed economic analysis and environmental impact of proposed wind farms. The economic sensitivity analysis of the proposed wind farms showed that even for the highest installation cost value of 1350 €/kW, for discount rates 5, 7, and 11%, the LCoE values are within the statistically established range for wind farms in Europe.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the wind potential energy for metallurgical sector in Albania

Dhoska,

Bebi,

Markja

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Coke had a significant contribution in fossil resource scarcity (22%), fine particulate matter formation (18%), stratospheric ozone depletion (17%) and ozone formation (13-15%) impact categories. This shows the importance of the development of modern non-coke-based metallurgical technologies in order to decarbonize the European industry and meet the European Green Deal requirements [22,25,26,[29][30][31]. The diagrams showing the calculated environmental impacts for all the processes (including the influence of the black mass itself) are presented in Figures S1 and S2 in the Supplementary Material.…”

Section: Scenariomentioning

confidence: 96%

Life Cycle Impacts of Recycling of Black Mass Obtained from End-of-Life Zn-C and Alkaline Batteries Using Waelz Kiln

et al. 2022

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The utilization of end-of-life batteries (including Zn-C and alkaline batteries) is one of the areas that need to be perfected in order to provide environmental and human safety as well as to contribute to closing the material loop, as described in the EU Green Deal. The presented study shows the environmental impacts of the two selected pyrometallurgical technologies (processing of the black mass from waste Zn-C and alkaline batteries as an additive to an existing process of the recycling of steelmaking dust and treatment of the black mass as the primary waste material, both processes performed in a Waelz kiln). The presented LCA-based study of the recycling of end-of-life Zn-C and alkaline batteries focused on terrestrial ecotoxicity can be a useful tool in the process of the development of a circular economy in Europe, as it provides a multi-disciplinary overview of the most important environmental loads associated with the described recycling technologies. Therefore, the goal of the presented study was to compare the environmental performance (utilizing LCA) of two different metallurgical processes of black mass utilization, i.e., the conventional method utilizing black mass as a co-substrate and the newly developed method utilizing black mass as a primary substrate.

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“…We selected this indicator M to be able to run scenarios on multiple life regulations more easily. A comprehensive economic impact assessment with a calculation of the net present values, however, still requires a more detailed assessment of revenues, which cannot be undertaken reasonably until an initial economic potential of these multiple-use concepts can be determined [81].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Potentials of Ecologically Attractive Multi-Life Products—The Example of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Jeppe,

Proff,

Eickhoff

2023

Sustainability

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The growth of the electric vehicle market is increasing the demand for batteries. The production of vehicle batteries has a high environmental impact and at the same time represents a high cost factor in the production of electric vehicles. Both the raw materials and the production capacity required for vehicle batteries are very limited. Driven by the increasing scarcity of resources and the rising internalization of external environmental costs, as well as by policy regulations, this paper shows a possibility of life cycle extension that goes beyond the circular economy approach and opens up additional economic and ecological potentials. In contrast to the current end-of-life strategies and the circular economy approach, a new innovation philosophy and business models for sustainable multi-life products are developed. To this end, we first conducted an economic analysis in three steps and developed a multi-life indicator in the process. Based on this, we integrated the influence of political regulations in a fourth step and elaborated on their effects in five scenarios. Our results show a savings potential of 5–30% (multi-life indicator M 0.95–0.70) compared to single-life batteries. This savings potential shows the importance of the new strategic multi-life approach and justifies the need for further research in this field.

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Evaluating energy and resource efficiency for recovery of metallurgical residues using environmental and economic analysis

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Modelling the wind potential energy for metallurgical sector in Albania

Modelling the wind potential energy for metallurgical sector in Albania

Life Cycle Impacts of Recycling of Black Mass Obtained from End-of-Life Zn-C and Alkaline Batteries Using Waelz Kiln

Economic Potentials of Ecologically Attractive Multi-Life Products—The Example of Lithium-Ion Batteries

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