Evaluating blood clot progression using magnetic particle spectroscopy

Abstract

By estimating the magnetic nanoparticles' relaxation time the clot age and organization can be predicted. The purposed methods are quick and minimally invasive for in vivo applications.

Investigation of Commercial Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Structural and Magnetic Property Characterization

“…The dynamic magnetic responses of SHA series MNPs under a mono-frequency driving field are investigated. The driving field frequency is varied from 50 to 2850 Hz, and the field amplitude is set at 170 Oe (Gauss). ,− Each plastic vial containing 200 μL of SHA series MNPs in 10 nM PBS and 0.03% NaN 3 is placed under the alternating magnetic field for MPS measurements. For MNPs suspended in liquid solution under an external magnetic field, they undergo two distinct relaxation mechanisms by which the magnetic moments rotate in response to the field: the Néel relaxation is the flipping of the magnetic moment between easy axes inside a stationary MNP, and on the other hand, the Brownian relaxation is the physical rotation of the entire MNP along with its magnetic moment.…”

Irregularly Shaped Iron Nitride Nanoparticles as a Potential Candidate for Biomedical Applications: From Synthesis to Characterization

“…The dynamic magnetic responses are characterized by a homebuilt MPS system. ,,− ,− Where the γ-Fe 2 O 3 and γ′-Fe 4 N nanoparticles suspended in OA solution (overall volume of 200 μL, concentration of 67 mg/mL) are characterized and recorded by this MPS system. This MPS system generates an alternating current (ac) magnetic field to magnetize MNPs, and as a result, the magnetic moments of nanoparticles relax to align with the external driving field through the Néel- or Brownian-relaxation dominated process or through the joint Néel–Brownian relaxation process (Supporting Information S1). ,,, In this work, the magnetic moments of both γ-Fe 2 O 3 and γ′-Fe 4 N nanoparticles in OA relax along the ac magnetic field through a Néel relaxation-dominated process.…”

Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy: A Short Review of Applications Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13] Over the years, it has developed into a highly sensitive, fast and versatile sensing platform for a wide variety of biological and biomedical assays. [14][15][16][17][18] In MPS, sinusoidal magnetic fields are applied to periodically magnetized SPIONs. The magnetic moments of SPIONs tend to align with the applied fields through relaxation processes (Néel and Brownian processes), which are countered by the thermal fluctuation.…”

“…15,21,40,41 Furthermore, other MPS-based applications that are sometimes overlooked but owns great market potentials such as the characterization of SPIONs from aqueous medium, the marking/tracking of products in the complex global resource and supply chains, the determination of total blood volume and the evaluation of blood clot progression. 15,16,[42][43][44][45][46] In this short review, we are only able to list some of the representative applications and the MPS-based applications are not limited to this paper. We hope this review could provide insights into the great potential of MPS and serve as a roadmap for researchers in this area.…”