Investigation of Commercial Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Structural and Magnetic Property Characterization

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively used as tiny heating sources in magnetic hyperthermia therapy, contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tracers in magnetic particle imaging (MPI), carriers for drug/gene delivery, etc. There have emerged many magnetic nanoparticle/microbeads suppliers since the last decade, such as Ocean NanoTech, Nanoprobes, US Research Nanomaterials, Miltenyi Biotec, micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH, and nanoComposix, etc. In this paper, we report the physical and magnetic characterizations on iron oxide nanoparticle products from Ocean NanoTech. Standard characterization tools such as Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer (VSM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Zeta Potential Analyzer are used to provide magnetic nanoparticle customers and researchers with an overview of these iron oxide nanoparticle products. In addition, the dynamic magnetic responses of these iron oxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions are investigated under low and high frequency alternating magnetic fields, giving a standardized operating procedure for characterizing the MNPs from Ocean NanoTech, thereby yielding the best of magnetic nanoparticles for different applications.

Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles through a Lab-On-Chip Device

“…Since they can be synthesized in variety of sizes and shapes and further manipulated through external magnetic fields, magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) can be employed in magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic particle imaging as imaging contrast enhance ment agents; targeted delivery of bioactive molecules, drugs, antibodies, nucleic acids, and proteins; hyperthermia for cancer treatment; cell separation and detection; biosensing and immunoassays; tissue repair; and body fluid detoxification [ 1 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Additionally, MNPs have demonstrated their potential in oil recovery, catalysis, and water remediation applications [ 2 ].…”

All Shapes and Phases of Nanometer-Sized Iron Oxides Made from Natural Sources and Waste Material via Green Synthesis Approach: A Review

“…210 So far, no reported supplier or industry produced large-scale and commercial nanometer-sized iron oxides synthesized using the green approach, especially the utilization of biological substances as reduction and transformer agents, instead of industries that used convention methods, such as Ocean NanoTech, Nanoprobes, US Research Nanomaterials, Miltenyi Biotec, micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH, nano-Composix, etc. 244 Nevertheless, it was reported that many industries also try to achieve more green approach in the nanomaterials productions, such as the replacement of volatile organic reduction and transformation agents, developing recyclable process, using energy-efficient synthesis and encouraging the use of renewable raw materials. 245 The abundance and large availability of iron ore or iron sands, as well as renewable iron wastes as a starting material in the production of nanometer-sized iron oxides, would support the realization of nanometer-sized iron oxides in the marketplace.…”

“…For instance, α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles synthesized using green tea leaf extract exhibited higher photocatalytic activity, because of a higher surface area, compared to the commercial α-Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles . So far, no reported supplier or industry produced large-scale and commercial nanometer-sized iron oxides synthesized using the green approach, especially the utilization of biological substances as reduction and transformer agents, instead of industries that used convention methods, such as Ocean NanoTech, Nanoprobes, US Research Nanomaterials, Miltenyi Biotec, micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH, nanoComposix, etc . Nevertheless, it was reported that many industries also try to achieve more green approach in the nanomaterials productions, such as the replacement of volatile organic reduction and transformation agents, developing recyclable process, using energy-efficient synthesis and encouraging the use of renewable raw materials …”

Influence of alternating magnetic field's frequency and exposure time on distribution of α‐Fe2O3/TiO2 fillers for gas separation membranes: Quantitative approach

“…45 The application of AMF toward magnetic filler was widely carried out to conduct hyperthermia to damage cancerous cells or tumors in the medical industry. 33,46,47 Although we did not measure the temperature, there is a possibility of localized heating or transfer of energy that may affect the densification of the polymer surrounding the magnetic fillers.…”