Evaluating biomas-derived biochar on seed germination and early seedling growth of maize and black gram

Das, Shaon Kumar; Ghosh, Gautam; Avasthe, R. K.

doi:10.1007/s13399-020-00887-8

Cited by 33 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the meanwhile, the interaction of such properties with the tested treatments can also determine the response of the soils to the use of different sources of organic matter at varying soil moistures. Dai et al [8], by a meta-analysis, indicated that plant response to biochar is determined by the physicochemical properties of biochar and soil [11][12][13]. Similar to our results, Li et al [25] found that with increasing the rate of biochar, soil salinity increased.…”

Section: Soil Physicochemical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 89%

Biochar and wheat straw affecting soil chemistry and microbial biomass carbon countrywide

Shokuhifar

Ghahsareh

Shahbazi

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Indicating how different sources of organic matter (OM) may affect the properties of a wide range of soil types, at varying soil moisture (SM), is of significance in the agricultural fields. A large dataset of soil samples (0–30 cm) was collected from different parts of Iran (21 different agricultural regions, with a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological properties) to determine the effects of OM and varying SM on soil chemical (pH, salinity, and organic carbon) and biological (microbial biomass carbon, MBC) properties. The collected soil samples were incubated (9-month period) with the experimental treatments including OM (control (M1), 2% wheat straw (WS) (M2), and 2% biochar (BI) (M3)), at different SM levels (0.2 field capacity, FC (V1), 0.7 variable FC (V2), 0.7 constant FC (V3), and saturated moisture (V4)). Wheat straw was pyrolyzed (at 500°C) to produce BI, and their chemical properties were determined. BI salinity (3.1 dS/m) was significantly higher than WS (2.8 dS/m). The organic treatments, especially BI, significantly increased soil OM and MBC compared with the control treatment. The two sources of organic fertilization increased soil pH, OM, and MBC, though such effects were functions of varying soil moisture (drying and rewetting cycles). Due to higher C percentage (61%), the effects of BI, significantly affected by soil moisture, were more pronounced on soil parameters. The tested sources of organic matter (WS and BI), acting as functions of soil moisture, can strongly affect soil chemical and biological properties and contribute to higher efficiency of agricultural fields.

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Section: Soil Physicochemical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 89%

Biochar and wheat straw affecting soil chemistry and microbial biomass carbon countrywide

Shokuhifar

Ghahsareh

Shahbazi

et al. 2021

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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“…At the same time, sewage sludge, wheat husk, and paper residue-derived biochar added with the same dose had no impact on lettuce, cucumber, cress, tomatoes, and lentil seed germination (Gasco et al, 2016a). Other investigations that used a range of manure and woody biochars at a rate of 10 Mg t ha −1 -40 Mg t ha −1 observed nil or positive impacts on germination (Van Zwieten et al, 2010;Khan et al, 2014;Mete et al, 2015;Gasco et al, 2016b;Das et al, 2020). Uslu et al (2020) reported the negative effects (inhibition of seed germination) in different fodder crops at high biochar application rate (120 Mg t ha −1 ) in a laboratory experiment.…”

Section: Promote Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growthmentioning

confidence: 95%

Biochar-Soil-Plant interactions: A cross talk for sustainable agriculture under changing climate

Murtaza

Ahmed

Eldin

et al. 2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Biochars provide several agricultural and environmental benefits, such as soil health improvement, better crop growth and yield, carbon sequestration, decreasing greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions, and regulation of nutrient dynamics. This review highlights the role of biochar in transforming the soil’s physiochemical and biological properties, and their impact on improving seed germination and seedling growth, altering crop physiological attributes, enhancing crop resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses, improving crop productivity, curtailing GHGs, and controlling nutrient leaching losses. However, the type of feedstock used, pyrolysis temperature, application rate and method, soil type and crop species largely influence the biochar performance under different environmental conditions. Application of biochars at low rates help to promote seed germination and seedling growth. Biochar modified the abiotic and microbial processes in the rhizosphere and increased nutrient mineralization and enhanced the nutrient availability for plant uptake. Hence, biochar enhanced the plant resistance against diseases, reduced the availability of heavy metals and improved the plant resilience against environmental stressors. By providing a comprehensive analysis about the variable impacts of biochars on soil physicochemical properties, plant growth, development and productivity and mitigating environmental problems, this review is quite valuable for developing an efficient soil and crop specific biochar with desired functionalities. It could be helpful in improving crop productivity, ensuring food security and better management of environment. Furthermore, this review identifies the knowledge gaps and suggests future outlooks for the commercialization of biochar applications on large-scale.

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“…For example, wood biochar (HTT 620°C) at 80 Mg ha −1 in a pot trial inhibited germination of tomatoes, while biochar made from paper sludge and wheat husk (500°C) or sewage sludge (600°C), and applied at the same rate, had no effect on lentil, tomato, cress, cucumber, and lettuce seeds (Gascó et al, 2016). Other studies that applied a range of woody and manure biochars at rates of 10–40 Mg ha −1 found positive or nil effect on germination (Das et al, 2020; Gascó et al, 2016; Khan et al, 2014; Mete et al, 2015; Van Zwieten, Kimber, Morris, Downie, et al, 2010). Some studies (e.g., Uslu et al, 2020) that reported negative effects of biochar on germination at very high rates (120 Mg ha −1 ) applied biochar directly to seeds in a petri dish, in the absence of soil or other media, which is unlikely to reflect the effects of biochar in the field environment, where charged clay minerals, microbes, and organic compounds interact with biochar, and are likely to modify and buffer the response.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Biochar Effects On Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cultivation and ingestion by soil fauna result in fragmentation and fracturing, creating very small particles (approximately <100 µm). These small particles are more mobile and can have higher reactivity, surface charge, radical content (Das et al, 2020; Yu & Kuzyakov, 2021) and surface area than larger particles (Yang et al, 2020), which can increase reactivity and nutrient availability (Wang et al, 2020). High mineral ash biochars and engineered biochars used in BCF generally contain high quantities of small mineral particles <100 µm (especially silica, alumina, Fe/O and CaCO 3 , CaHPO 4 , and Mg compounds) in or on the C matrix that are easily fragmented from the biochar and are mobile in soil.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Biochar Effects On Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At very high rates of application (>50 Mg ha −1 ), biochars derived from contaminated sludges or feedstock grown in contaminated soils can release heavy metals that inhibit germination (Das et al, 2020). Biochars contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; Gascó et al, 2016; Weidemann et al, 2018), organic pollutants formed during incomplete combustion, that can inhibit germination at high rates.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Biochar Effects On Soil and Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

et al. 2021

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We synthesized 20 years of research to explain the interrelated processes that determine soil and plant responses to biochar. The properties of biochar and its effects within agricultural ecosystems largely depend on feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. We describe three stages of reactions of biochar in soil: dissolution (1–3 weeks); reactive surface development (1–6 months); and aging (beyond 6 months). As biochar ages, it is incorporated into soil aggregates, protecting the biochar carbon and promoting the stabilization of rhizodeposits and microbial products. Biochar carbon persists in soil for hundreds to thousands of years. By increasing pH, porosity, and water availability, biochars can create favorable conditions for root development and microbial functions. Biochars can catalyze biotic and abiotic reactions, particularly in the rhizosphere, that increase nutrient supply and uptake by plants, reduce phytotoxins, stimulate plant development, and increase resilience to disease and environmental stressors. Meta‐analyses found that, on average, biochars increase P availability by a factor of 4.6; decrease plant tissue concentration of heavy metals by 17%–39%; build soil organic carbon through negative priming by 3.8% (range −21% to +20%); and reduce non‐CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from soil by 12%–50%. Meta‐analyses show average crop yield increases of 10%–42% with biochar addition, with greatest increases in low‐nutrient P‐sorbing acidic soils (common in the tropics), and in sandy soils in drylands due to increase in nutrient retention and water holding capacity. Studies report a wide range of plant responses to biochars due to the diversity of biochars and contexts in which biochars have been applied. Crop yields increase strongly if site‐specific soil constraints and nutrient and water limitations are mitigated by appropriate biochar formulations. Biochars can be tailored to address site constraints through feedstock selection, by modifying pyrolysis conditions, through pre‐ or post‐production treatments, or co‐application with organic or mineral fertilizers. We demonstrate how, when used wisely, biochar mitigates climate change and supports food security and the circular economy.

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Evaluating biomas-derived biochar on seed germination and early seedling growth of maize and black gram

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

Biochar and wheat straw affecting soil chemistry and microbial biomass carbon countrywide

Biochar and wheat straw affecting soil chemistry and microbial biomass carbon countrywide

Biochar-Soil-Plant interactions: A cross talk for sustainable agriculture under changing climate

How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar

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