Evaluating agarwood products for 2‐(2‐phenylethyl)chromones using direct analysis in real time time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Lancaster, Cady A.; Espinoza, Edgard O.

doi:10.1002/rcm.6388

Cited by 53 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Multivariate statistical analysis has been applied to a wide variety of direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry data, including that derived from wood, puparial casings, seeds, leaf material, and biodiesel fuelstocks, showcasing the versatility and reproducibility of the method. [22][23][24][25][26] The high-throughput capabilities of direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry enable the acquisition of large amounts of mass spectral data in a short time period, and the large number of replicates needed for statistical analysis are easily acquired using this method. The direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry mass spectral dataset of Datura and Kratom was comprised of over 100 individual spectra that were collected with less than an hour of total time investment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Lesiak

Musah

2016

JoVE

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We demonstrate that direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry can be used to produce mass spectral profiles of botanical material, and that these chemical fingerprints can be used for plant species identification. The mass spectral data can be acquired rapidly and in a high throughput manner without the need for sample extraction, derivatization or pH adjustment steps. The use of this technique bypasses challenges presented by more conventional techniques including lengthy chromatography analysis times and resource intensive methods. The high throughput capabilities of the direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry protocol, coupled with multivariate statistical analysis processing of the data, provide not only class characterization of plants, but also yield species and varietal information. Here, the technique is demonstrated with two psychoactive plant products, Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom) and Datura (Jimsonweed), which were subjected to direct analysis in real time-high resolution mass spectrometry followed by statistical analysis processing of the mass spectral data. The application of these tools in tandem enabled the plant materials to be rapidly identified at the level of variety and species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Lesiak

Musah

2016

JoVE

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“…In the future, a tandem liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry will be experimented. This method will provide the ability to analyze nonvolatile compounds such as 2-(2-phenylethyl)-chromone derivatives as reported by Lancaster and Espinoza ( 2012 ) . Other methods such as GC-FTIR and NMR spectroscopic analysis will also be tested in the future.…”

Section: Current and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gyrinops walla: The Recently Discovered Agarwood-Producing Species in Sri Lanka

Subasinghe

Hettiarachchi²

2016

Tropical Forestry

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This chapter describes the morphology, distribution, wood anatomy, and variations of agarwood resin contents and resin content of Gyrinops walla endemic to Sri Lanka. We revealed for the fi rst time, this species, which populates the lower elevations of the wet zone of Sri Lanka in 2012. More importantly, the recently identifi ed species possesses agarwood-producing ability, similar to other species in the Thymelaeaceae family. Before this scientifi c discovery, G. walla was considered a least valuable species due to the very low stem density. Not much is known about this forgotten species; we intend to unleash its full potential as a new economic commodity to this country.

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“…The resin is widely used and well known for its fragrance and applications in aromatherapy, incense, perfume, religions, medicine, etc. (Ito 2008;Lancaster and Espinoza 2012;Yang et al2016). The scent or aroma of agarwood is complex and pleasing, with few or no similar natural analogues (Liu et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When agarwood is heated or ignited, it releases volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (Ishihara et al 1993). Chemical analyses of agarwood show that the most abundant compounds in the resin are sesquiterpenes (52%) and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone derivatives (41%) (Naef 2011;Lancaster and Espinoza 2012;Mei et al 2013;Jong et al 2014). Most sesquiterpenes possess unique odoriferous properties (Ishihara et al 1993;Yang et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GCMS method has been used to distinguish essential oils obtained from agarwood simulated by chemical methods, wild agarwood, and healthy trees (Chen et al 2011). Lancaster and Espinoza (2012) distinguished agarwood and other woods through DART-TOFMS analysis of 17 kinds of ions, and thoroughly discussed the principal ionization mechanisms (Ishihara et al 1993). Gao et al (2014) used gas GCMS combined with chemometric methods to identify natural and artificial agarwood; the authors also evaluated the quality of artificial agarwood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classification of Hoi-An and Sin-Chew Agarwood by Components Analysis of VOCs Released in Heat-Treated Agarwood using TD-GCMS and Chemometric Methods

Jia

Song-Lin

2018

BioResources

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Agarwood can be divided into resinous heartwood from the Hoi-An zone and Sin-Chew zone. Traditionally, an experienced human grader classifies agarwood by odor. However, sensory errors can follow from subjectivity, poor reproducibility, and time consumption during manual work. In this study, agarwood samples were heat-treated to release volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which were analyzed using the thermal desorption -gas chromatograph mass spectrograph (TD-GCMS) method and chemometrics analysis. The classification of agarwood was then identified. Sesquiterpenes and other aromatic compounds were the main compounds of heat-treated VOCs. Twenty-six characteristic compounds were screened via stepwise regression. Fisher discriminant analysis and Bayes discriminant analysis were conducted, based on the 26 compounds, to classify the agarwood samples. Discriminant functions of the two analysis methods were obtained.The results showed that it is feasible to use the TD-GCMS method combined with chemometrics analysis to analyze VOCs from heat-treated agarwood instead of experienced graders to classify the agarwood samples as being from either the Hoi-An zone and Sin-Chew zone. This study also provides a way to classify unknown samples by odor through 26 characteristic compound'srelative peak area and the discriminant equations, offering the possibility of testing an unknown sample's cultivation region.

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Evaluating agarwood products for 2‐(2‐phenylethyl)chromones using direct analysis in real time time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Cited by 53 publications

References 12 publications

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Gyrinops walla: The Recently Discovered Agarwood-Producing Species in Sri Lanka

Classification of Hoi-An and Sin-Chew Agarwood by Components Analysis of VOCs Released in Heat-Treated Agarwood using TD-GCMS and Chemometric Methods

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