Evaluación nematicida del aceite esencial de Tagetes zypaquirensis en el manejo del nematodo Meloidogyne spp.

Abstract

Evaluación nematicida del aceite esencial de Tagetes zypaquirensisen el manejo del nematodo Meloidogyne spp. RESUMENEl lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) es un frutal andino de gran importancia económica en Colombia, sin embargo, las áreas sembradas y rendimientos han sufrido una evidente reducción debido al ataque de patógenos como el nematodo Meloidogyne spp., que ha ocasionado pérdidas de hasta 50%. En la naturaleza existen diferentes recursos vegetales con propiedades nematicidas, destacándose al género Tagetes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la actividad nematicida del aceite esencial de Tagetes zypaquirensis sobre Meloidogyne spp. Bajo condiciones de invernadero se evaluaron cuatro concentraciones del aceite esencial (100, 200, 400, 800mg/kg de suelo) las cuales fueron aplicadas a un suelo con juveniles de segundo estadio del nematodo +400 J2/100g. Además, se establecieron tres comparadores: un tratamiento sin aplicación de aceite esencial, un suelo sin nematodo y un suelo tratado con i.a carbofuran (33,2%) bajo una dosis de 2cc/L. Para cada tratamiento, las variables a evaluar fueron: severidad, altura de planta, peso fresco y seco al aire, peso fresco radical, número de huevos del nematodo/100g raíz y número de J2/100g de suelo. Los componentes mayoritarios del aceite esencial de T. zypaquirensis fueron dihidrotagetona y E-tagetona con una proporción relativa de 42,2 y 22,9%, respectivamente. Los resultados indicaron, que la concentración 800mg/kg de aceite ABSTRACTLulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.), an Andean fruit, is economically important in Colombia, however, cultivated areas as well as yields, have suffered a considerable reduction by the attack of pathogens such as the rootknot nematode Meloidogyne spp. with losses near to 50%. In nature, there are different plant with nematicides properties which could diminish the effects of this nematode, such as the Tagetes genre. The objective of this research was to evaluate the nematicidal activity of the essential oil from Tagetes szypaquirensis on Meloidogyne spp. Four concentrations of essential (100, 200, 400, 800mg/kg of soil) were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. These doses were applied to nematodes in the second instar approximately +400 J2/100g of soil. Moreover, three treatments were established: the first with no application of essential oil, the second without nematode, and the third with soil treated with carbofuran (33.2%) at dose of 2cc/L. For each treatment the variables evaluated were: level of severity, plant height, fresh and dry weight, fresh root weight, number of nematode eggs/100g roots and number of J2/100g of soil. The main components of the essential oil from T. zypaquirensis were dihydrotagetone and E-tagetone with a composition of 42.2% and 22.9% respectively. The results indicated that a concentration 800mg/kg of essential oil had the same nematicidal action than soil treated with carbofuran, same population constrains and phitometric variables. It was concluded that T. zypaquirensis essential oil can be an alternat...

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