Evaluación de posibles medidas para reducir las emisiones de fuentes móviles en Costa Rica, 2010-2015

Abstract

<p>Se evaluó el impacto de las posibles medidas para reducir las emisiones generadas por fuentes móviles en Costa Rica para ser ejecutadas en el periodo 2010-2015. La estimación de las emisiones se realizó utilizando los factores de emisión obteni­dos del modelo Mobile 6 y los datos de actividad distribuidos por tipo de vehículo y combustible. El estudio determinó que la sustitución del 50% de las unidades de transporte público por vehículos más eficientes resulta ser la medida más eficaz para contrarrestar el incremento de las emisiones de NOx y GOT, cercanas al 14,3% y 11,7% anual res­pectivamente.</p>

Sustainability of Supply Chains in Costa Rica Focusing on Freight Transportation Emissions

“…These delivery practices, which also take place in medium size companies, have impacts that need to be further studied because even though the territory is small, the country endures today high levels of occupation in the central plateau, which are causing high congestion in road transportation. Herrera-Murillo et al (2014) [23] found that the vehicle fleet increased uninterruptedly at an annual rate of 13.3% during the period of 2001-2009 and continues with a similar tendency. Private transit has been growing at an annual rate of 8%, however the road infrastructure has not been upgraded at the same rate, given rise to saturation.…”

“…They indicate that 45% of the vehicles from years 1993 and older emit 62% of the reactive organic gases and 42% of the nitrogen oxides. Herrera-Murillo et al (2014) [23] concluded that transport vehicles are the main sources of air pollution especially in urban zones, where 28.1% of the units that use diesel as a fuel are years 1993 or older, thus lacking means for emissions control.…”

“…In a more dense traffic scenario the vehicles could experience even a lower performance, for instance if they were forced to decreased to 5 km per liter, for the same distance, the resulting emissions would increment to 5.38 kg CO 2 e. Now, considering a portion of the General Cañas highway, where Herrera-Murillo et al (2013) [23] reported a transit of 90 thousand vehicles on a day in 2011. Applying the above considerations for a 10 km distance with high congestion, where 20% of the vehicles could have a performance of 5 km per liter instead of 10 km per liter, where 19% of the fleet are light freight trucks, and from which 88% use diesel (Villegas and Camacho, 2005) [29] , the total emissions of this kind of trucks could have been 16.2 ton of CO 2 e per day rather than 8.1 ton of CO 2 e if they would have been able to travel at the desired speed and performance.…”