Evaluación de la oleorresina de Pinus oocarpa en la zona de Oxapampa, Pasco, Perú

Abstract

El presente estudio se realizó en el Fundo Ideal, ubicado en la localidad de Oxapampa, departamento de Pasco, en una plantación de Pinus oocarpa de 22 años de edad. Se estudiaron 27 árboles a los cuales se les aplicó el método de resinación a vida por el sistema de pica de corteza ascendente con ácido sulfúrico, en función a las variables: clases diamétricas, distancia entre picas y orientación del sol. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la variable independiente con mayor influencia en el rendimiento y en las características físico-químicas de la resina fue la orientación del sol. La mejor combinación de variables respecto a cada clase diamétrica es para los rangos de 38-44 cm, con una distancia entre picas de 14 cm y una orientación del sol de 90º. Con ello, se consigue una forma práctica de aprovechar oportunamente la resina contenida en los árboles de pino antes de su corta final, así como establecer mecanismos de recolección efectivos.

Geographical and Climatic Variation of <em>Pinus oocarpa</em> Resin in Southern Mexico Provenances

“…Knowledge of the levels and structure of variation in traits of interest in forest trees is essential to guide selection efforts in forest higher values of both indices were obtained for P. oocarpa in plantations in Peru (IA= 198.0, IS= 291.91 mg KOH.g _1 ) [22]; however, these high values represent low resin quality if the purpose is to obtain resin oil [22]. Likewise, P. caribaea var.…”

“…The low values of the acidity and saponification index of the P. oocarpa provenances, compared to the high values obtained in P. oocarpa plantations in Peru, are possibly because, in this research, no chemical stimulant was used during resin extraction. These indices were very high when chemical stimulant was used in the resin extraction process of other species [22,33,35]. For its part, the addition of maleic anhydrous acid increased the acidity and saponification values of P. merkusii resin [33].…”

“…For its part, the addition of maleic anhydrous acid increased the acidity and saponification values of P. merkusii resin [33]. Likewise, the oxidation of the resin increases the acidity and saponification values [3,22], due to the fact that the proportion of acids present in the resin is modified [23]. The resin sample collection method for this study was effective, as it did not allow contact with the external environment and contamination; therefore, it prevented oxidation.…”

“…In Mexico, although there are genetic improvement initiatives for resin production [10][11][12], there are no studies on the primary components (rosin and turpentine) and the quality of P. oocarpa resin. In other countries it was determined that P. oocarpa resin contains between 75 to 82 % rosin and 12.7 to 14.5 % turpentine [4,[21][22][23]. The resin quality of this species was also determined in other countries, the acidity index ranged from 133.0 to 143.9 mg KOH.g _1 ; whereas, the saponification index ranged from 134.0 to 148.4 mg KOH.g _1 [4,[21][22][23].…”

“…In other countries it was determined that P. oocarpa resin contains between 75 to 82 % rosin and 12.7 to 14.5 % turpentine [4,[21][22][23]. The resin quality of this species was also determined in other countries, the acidity index ranged from 133.0 to 143.9 mg KOH.g _1 ; whereas, the saponification index ranged from 134.0 to 148.4 mg KOH.g _1 [4,[21][22][23]. Knowledge of the primary components (rosin or turpentine) and the quality of the resin is important to guide its commercialization to suitable industries [2,4].…”