Evaluación de AE y PAE para identificar trazos generalizados, a partir de las serpientes del estado de Hidalgo, México

Abstract

One of the most important concepts in Panbiogeography is the generalized track, which represents an ancestral biota fragmented by geological events that can be recovered through several methods, including Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) and endemicity analysis (EA). PAE has been frequently used to identify generalized tracks, while EA is primarily designed to find areas of endemicity, but has been recently proposed for identifying generalized tracks as well. In this study we evaluated these methods to find generalized tracks using the distribution of the 84 snake species of Hidalgo. PAE found one generalized track from three individual tracks (Agkistrodon taylori, Crotalus totonacus and Pliocercus elapoides), supported by 89 % of Bootstrap, and EA identified two generalized tracks, with endemicity index values of 2.71-2.96 and 2.84-3.09, respectively. Those areas were transformed to generalized tracks. The first generalized track was retrieved from three individual tracks (Micrurus bernadi, Rhadinaea marcellae and R. quinquelineata), and the second was recovered from two individual tracks (Geophis mutitorques and Thamnophis sumichrasti). These generalized tracks can be considered a unique distribution pattern, because they resembled each other and agreed in shape. When comparing both methods, we noted that both are useful for identifying generalized tracks, and although they can be used independently, we suggest their complementary use. Nevertheless, to obtain accurate results, it is useful to consider theoretical bases of both methods, along with an appropriate choice of the size of the area. Results using small-grid size in EA are ideal for searching biogeographical patterns within geopolitical limits. Furthermore, they can be used for conservation proposals at state level where endemic species become irreplaceable, and where losing them would imply the extinction of unique lineages.

Track analysis of the Nearctic region: Identifying complex areas with mammals

“…Ferrari, Barao, and Simoes () compared the performance of MartiTracks with PAE and track compatibility, finding that MartiTracks does not provide reliable results because it lacks clear congruence criteria—the parameter definition is subjective and has unclear analytical procedures. Montiel‐Canales, Goyenechea, Fernández‐Badillo, and Castillo‐Cerón () compared PAE and AE and concluded that these two methods can be complementary. Escalante et al.…”

Análisis de trazos de la pteridoflora del Estado de Hidalgo, México

“…Así, al analizar cladogramas construidos a partir de matrices de presencia/ausencia de especies (trazos individuales), las sinapomorfías que agrupan las áreas son indicativas de las distribuciones de los taxones. Teniendo en consideración que un trazo generalizado representa la congruencia geográfica de al menos dos taxones (equivalentes a las sinapomorfías), este método resulta adecuado para reconocer trazos generalizados cuando se obtienen al menos dos sinapomorfías (Morrone, 2015;Montiel-Canales et al, 2016). Además, el PAE permite observar gráficamente las relaciones entre las áreas estudiadas (Morrone, 2014).…”

“…Entre las especies que conforman este patrón destacan: Hymenophyllum tegularis, Holodictyum ghiesbreghtii, Elaphoglossum obscurum y Phanerophlebia nobilis, especies consideradas dentro de las más ricas en el BMM de Hidalgo de acuerdo conHernández-Álvarez et al (2019). Este trazo generalizado, que une a la PV y SMO, es congruente con los resultados obtenidos porMontiel-Canales et al (2016) para la distribución de las serpientes en Hidalgo y porMorrone & Gutiérrez (…”