Euthyroid Hyperthyrotropinemia in Children Born after in Vitro Fertilization

Sakka, Sophia; Malamitsi‐Puchner, Ariadne; Loutradis, Dimitrios; Chrousos, George P.; Kanaka‐Gantenbein, Christina

doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1624

Cited by 59 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Genetic imprinting diseases, such as the Beckwith-Wiedemann and Angelman syndromes, have been associated with assisted reproduction, mainly ICSI (4,35,36) and we have also recently reported a higher incidence of euthyroid hyperthyrotropinemia in children conceived by IVF compared with controls, reminiscent of an epigenetic modification of the TSH set point in these children (37). Therefore, more research needs to be conducted in children conceived by IVF as periconceptual manipulations may influence their future health outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Absence of insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation despite early metabolic syndrome manifestations in children born after in vitro fertilization

Sakka

Loutradis

Kanaka‐Gantenbein

et al. 2010

Fertility and Sterility

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126

111

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Absence of insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation despite early metabolic syndrome manifestations in children born after in vitro fertilization

Sakka

Loutradis

Kanaka‐Gantenbein

et al. 2010

Fertility and Sterility

Self Cite

126

111

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“…The finding is more common in children born premature [120], small for gestational age [121] and after in vitro fertilization [122] as well as in those with trisomy 21 [123]. In a small proportion of cases a mild morphological abnormality in thyroid gland development [124] or genetic defect in thyroid hormonogenesis has been demonstrated, the latter including mutations in the genes for the TSH receptor [124,125,126], dual oxidase 2 [127] and thyroid peroxidase [124].…”

Section: Sch In Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

2014 European Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy and in Children

Lazarus¹,

Brown²,

Daumerie³

et al. 2014

Eur Thyroid J

585

457

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This guideline has been produced as the official statement of the European Thyroid Association guideline committee. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in pregnancy is defined as a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level above the pregnancy-related reference range with a normal serum thyroxine concentration. Isolated hypothyroxinaemia (defined as a thyroxine level below the 2.5th centile of the pregnancy-related reference range with a normal TSH level) is also recognized in pregnancy. In the majority of SCH the cause is autoimmune thyroiditis but may also be due to iodine deficiency. The cause of isolated hypothyroxinaemia is usually not apparent, but iodine deficiency may be a factor. SCH and isolated hypothyroxinaemia are both associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Levothyroxine therapy may ameliorate some of these with SCH but not in isolated hypothyroxinaemia. SCH and isolated hypothyroxinaemia are both associated with neuro-intellectual impairment of the child, but there is no evidence that maternal levothyroxine therapy improves this outcome. Targeted antenatal screening for thyroid function will miss a substantial percentage of women with thyroid dysfunction. In children SCH (serum TSH concentration >5.5-10 mU/l) normalizes in >70% and persists in the majority of the remaining patients over the subsequent 5 years, but rarely worsens. There is a lack of studies examining the impact of SCH on the neuropsychological development of children under the age of 3 years. In older children, the evidence for an association between SCH and impaired neuropsychological development is inconsistent. Good quality studies examining the effect of treatment of SCH in children are lacking.

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“…In addition, Sakka et al [33] demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of SH in children aged 4 to 14 years, conceived after IVF than in the control group, in the absence of detectable thyroid antibodies. A possible explanation provided by the authors was an epigenetic developmental abnormality in the set point of TSH sensitivity related to the preimplantation manipulation of the embryo [33]. …”

Section: Mild Hypothyroidism In Neonatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild Hypothyroidism in Childhood: Who, When, and How Should Be Treated?

Vigone

Capalbo

Weber

et al. 2018

Journal of the Endocrine Society

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Mild hypothyroidism, also known as subclinical hypothyroidism (SH), is biochemically defined as serum TSH levels above the upper limit of the reference range, in the presence of normal serum concentrations of total T4 and free T4 (FT4). In the neonatal period, mild hypothyroidism can be defined by the presence of a TSH value between 6 and 20 mIU/L and normal FT4 levels. After the neonatal period, SH can be defined mild if TSH ranges between 4.5 and 10 mIU/L. The management of mild hypothyroidism in childhood is challenging. The major concern is to establish whether this condition should always be considered an expression of mild thyroid dysfunction. Indeed, the effects of untreated mild hypothyroidism are still not completely defined. In the neonatal period, concern exists about neurocognitive outcome; in children, although there is no clear evidence of alterations in growth or neurocognitive development, subtle cardiovascular abnormalities have been documented. Therefore, there is still uncertainty about the need of treatment across all ages, and the management should be based on the age of the child, the etiology, and the degree of TSH elevation, as well as on other patient factors. This review updates current evidences on diagnosis and management of mild hypothyroidism in childhood.

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Euthyroid Hyperthyrotropinemia in Children Born after in Vitro Fertilization

Cited by 59 publications

References 19 publications

Absence of insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation despite early metabolic syndrome manifestations in children born after in vitro fertilization

Absence of insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation despite early metabolic syndrome manifestations in children born after in vitro fertilization

2014 European Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy and in Children

Mild Hypothyroidism in Childhood: Who, When, and How Should Be Treated?

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