Eutectics of Erythritol Tetranitrate

Oxley, Jimmie C.; Smith, James L.; Brown, Austin C.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b04667

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, from its DSC trace, ETN appears to have a wider temperature stability range than PETN (Figure ); like TNT, its decomposition does not immediately follow its melt. Elsewhere we have reported our attempts to exploit this feature …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ETN was first synthesized in 1849, yet little is known about its stability and decomposition reactions under severe thermal conditions. Thus, there is a prompt need to acquire a thorough understanding of its detonation characteristics and chemistry of decomposition. − Because ETN has the same number of nitro groups and better oxygen balance than pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), we have examined it for possible replacement of PETN in formulations . However, its low melting point (60 °C) requires that its thermal stability be carefully examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Decomposition of Erythritol Tetranitrate: A Joint Experimental and Computational Study

et al. 2017

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Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) finds many uses in the energetic materials community. Due to the recent availability of erythritol, erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) can now be readily synthesized. Accordingly, its complete characterization, especially its stability, is of great interest. This work examines the thermal decomposition of ETN, both through experimental and computational methods. In addition to kinetic parameters, decomposition products were examined to elucidate its decomposition pathway. It is found that ETN begins its decomposition sequence by a unimolecular homolytic cleavage of the internal and external O−NO 2 bonds, while the competing HONO elimination reaction is largely suppressed. The global activation energy for decomposition is found to be 104.3 kJ/mol with a pre-exponential factor of 3.72 × 10 9 s −1 . Despite the ability to exist in a molten state, ETN has a lower thermal stability than its counterpart PETN.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Decomposition of Erythritol Tetranitrate: A Joint Experimental and Computational Study

et al. 2017

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“…Despite its simple preparation method, the study was once put on hold due to the source and cost constraints of the raw erythritol. The chemical structure is similar to that of nitroglycerin [1,2], and its physical properties and explosive properties are similar to those of PETN [3,4]. It is one of the few positive oxygen balance explosives (OB is +26.48% calculated by CO, +5.3% calculated by CO 2 ), and the fusion point is about 61℃.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Nitrocellulose/glycidylazide-polymer/erythritol-tetranitrate Energetic Nanocomposites Fabricated Using a Sol-gel-freeze Method

Zhang¹,

Wang²,

Huang³

et al. 2019

JAN

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Nitrocellulose/glycidylazide-polymer/erythritol-tetranitrate (NC/GAP/ETN) nanocomposite energetic materials were fabricated using a sol-gel-freeze method. The microstructure, crystal phase and molecular structure were characterized by SEM, XRD and IR. Meanwhile, the thermal properties, energy properties and mechanical sensitivity of the composites were also studied. The ETN particle size is about 500nm, and few partial gel skeleton collapsed and contracted. No phase transformation of the ETN occurred before or after fabrication, and the molecular structures of the ETN, NC and GAP did not change. There is only one exothermic peak in the DSC traces and the peak temperature of nanocomposites are approximately 62℃, 24℃ and 41℃ earlier than raw ETN. The Isp, C*, Tc, Mc, and Qp increase with the weight percentage of ETN increasing, and the oxygen balance of three samples is still negative. The mechanical sensitivity are all lower than raw ETN. The energy performance and safety performance of samples are improved.

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“…Nitration with acetyl nitrate [20] -glacial acetic acid and acetic anhydride are mixed before being cooled. Fuming nitric acid is then added and the reaction mixture is stirred while adding erythritol.…”

Section: Components and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%