Eurycomanone, the major quassinoid in Eurycoma longifolia root extract increases spermatogenesis by inhibiting the activity of phosphodiesterase and aromatase in steroidogenesis

Low, Bin-Seng; Choi, Sy Bing; Wahab, Habibah A.; Das, P. K.; Chan, Kit‐Lam

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.023

Cited by 84 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This bitter tastes in the protein supplement is probably mainly due to the eurycomanone compound in Tongkat Ali. Eurycomanone is one of the phytochemical compounds which can be found in Tongkat Ali extract and was identified as one type of quassiniods which responsible for the bitter taste [32]. …”

Section: Acceptance Of the Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory Evaluation and Quantitative Analysis of Mineral and Heavy Metal Content of Protein Supplement Incorporated With Herbal Extract

Zainol

Nor

Yaakob

et al. 2017

MJAS

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Calories-dense products promote weight gain through its healthy ingredients. The incorporation of herbs increased the product's benefit with antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-aging properties. In this study, the comparison between herbal and non-herbal (commercial products) protein supplements were determined. The sensory evaluation of the protein supplements were done via 9-point hedonic scale. The mineral contents and undesirable toxic metals in the the product were also analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The score of hedonic scale indicated that the sweetness and bitterness of the herbal protein supplement were significantly different compared to the commercial products. All samples showed differences in the mineral contents where the herbal protein supplement contributed the highest content of magnesium (Mg) 3643.7 µg/kg, sodium (Na) 8192.3µg/kg and ferum (Fe) 180.7 µg/kg. The ICP-MS analysis result showed traces of heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic, plumbum, mercury) were 1.10 µg/kg, 0.03 µg/kg, 3.00 µg/kg and 5.07 µg/kg, respectively. These results confirmed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the product has not exceeded the maximum standard limit of regulation in Malaysia for Cd (0.3 mg/kg), As (5 mg/kg), Pb (10 mg/kg), and Hg (0.5 mg/kg). Hence, the results might be useful to define the new formulations of these highly consumed protein supplement with health benefits for atheletes.Keywords: protein supplement, mineral content, heavy metal content, hedonic scale Abstrak Produk-produk padat kalori menggalakkan penambahan berat melalui ramuan-ramuan sihatnya. Penambahan herba meningkatkan kebaikan produk seperti ciri-ciri antioksida, anti-kanser dan anti-penuaan. Di dalam kajian ini, perbandingan di antara makanan tambahan protein berherba dan tidak berherba (produk komersil) telah diperolehi. Ujian rasa terhadap makan tambahan protin ini telah dilakukan melalui 9-titik skala hedonik. Kandungan mineral dan logam toksik yang tidak dikehendaki di dalam produk turut dianalisa menggunakan Spektrometri Jisim-Plasma Ganding Secara Aruhan (ICP-MS). Skor skala hedonik menujukkan kemanisan dan kepahitan makanan tambahan berprotin berbeza secara ketara berbanding produk-produk komersil. Semua sampel menunjukkan perbezaan di dalam kandungan mineral, di mana makanan tambahan protin berherba menyumbang kandungan tertinggi untuk magnesium (Mg) 3643.7 µg/kg, sodium (Na) 8192.3 µg/kg dan ferum (Fe) 180.7 µg/kg. Analisa keputusan ICP-MS menunjukkan kandungan logam berat (kadmium, arsenik, plumbum, merkuri) adalah 1.10 µg/kg, 0.03 µg/kg, 3.00 µg/kg dan 5.07 µg/kg setiap satunya. Hasil ini mengesahkan kepekatan logam berat tidak melebihi piawaian kadar maksimum peraturan Malaysia untuk Cd(0.3 mg/kg), As (5 mg/kg), Pb(10 mg/kg), and Hg (0.5 mg/kg). Oleh itu, keputusan yang

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Section: Acceptance Of the Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory Evaluation and Quantitative Analysis of Mineral and Heavy Metal Content of Protein Supplement Incorporated With Herbal Extract

Zainol

Nor

Yaakob

et al. 2017

MJAS

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“…EL has been well described to be anti-oxidant (Varghese et al, 2013), anti-tumour (Al-Salahi et al, 2014Tong et al, 2015), anti-inflammatory (Han et al, 2016), anti-malarial (Kuo et al, 2004), anti-microbial (Khanam et al, 2015), anti-parasite (Kavitha et al, 2012) and anti-stress (Talbott et al, 2013). It has also been reported to improve sex derive of the male (Ang and Sim, 1997;Low et al, 2013;Ebrahimi et al, 2016) and female (Abdulghani et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Motilities of Cryopreserved Bull Spermatozoa: Owing to the Effect of <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack Aqueous Extract

Baiee¹,

Wahid²,

Yusoff³

et al. 2017

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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This study was carried out to improve the kinetic motilities of frozen-thawed bull semen diluted with tris-based egg yolk diluent that was supplemented with Eurycoma longifolia jack aqueous extract. A total of 24 ejaculates were obtained from six cross-bred bulls using an electro-ejaculator. The extract of Eurycoma longifolia jack was distributed into three low doses and three high doses; cryopreserved samples were evaluated into three different times to confirm the results of kinetic motilities through different times and between groups. Path velocity (VAP µm/s), progress velocity (VSL µm/s), track speed (VCL µm/s), lateral amplitude (ALH µm/s), Beat Frequency (BCF Hz), straightness (STR %), linearity (LIN %), were evaluated three different times using Computer-assisted sperm analysis. Results revealed that the percentage of VAP, ASL and VCL were higher (p<0.05) in the frozen-thawed semen group supplemented with 5 mg mL .54 in third evaluation; respectively). In conclusion, Eurycoma longifolia Jack aqueous extract supplementation to the semen diluent at 5 mg mL −1 significantly improved sperm kinetic motilities of frozen-thawed bull semen.

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“…Its active phytochemical substance are as follows: (1) Quassinoids[30] including eurycomanol,[31] eurycolactones A, eurycolactones B, eurycolactones C,[32] eurycolactone D, eurycolactone E, eurycolactone F,[33] hydroxylongilactone,[34] dehydroklaineanone, 15β-O-acetyl-14-hydroxyklaineanone,[35] eurycomalactone,[3637] eurycomanone,[3839] and eurycomaoside. [26] (2) Alkaloids including β-carboline alkaloid,[4041] cathine-6-one alkaloids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review ergogenic effect of long jack, Eurycoma Longifolia

Khanijo

Jiraungkoorskul

2016

Phcog Rev

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Eurycoma longifolia (family: Simaroubaceae) is commonly distributed in the Southeast Asia and Indo-China. In particular, the aqueous extract and decoction of its root are a well-known folk medicine which enhances sexuality, fertility, and antiaging. Furthermore, it has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Its common phytochemical components include alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, and triterpenes. This plant is rich in various quassinoids including eurycolactone, eurycomalactone, eurycomanol, eurycomanone, and eurycomaoside all of which has been reported to contribute to its remedial properties including increased muscle strength, endurance in cycling time, and reduced anxiety and stress. Based on established literature on the health benefits of E. longifolia, this review article has attempted to compile E. longifolia to be one of the choices of ergogenic plants.

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Eurycomanone, the major quassinoid in Eurycoma longifolia root extract increases spermatogenesis by inhibiting the activity of phosphodiesterase and aromatase in steroidogenesis

Cited by 84 publications

References 25 publications

Sensory Evaluation and Quantitative Analysis of Mineral and Heavy Metal Content of Protein Supplement Incorporated With Herbal Extract

Sensory Evaluation and Quantitative Analysis of Mineral and Heavy Metal Content of Protein Supplement Incorporated With Herbal Extract

Kinetic Motilities of Cryopreserved Bull Spermatozoa: Owing to the Effect of <i>Eurycoma longifolia</i> Jack Aqueous Extract

Review ergogenic effect of long jack, Eurycoma Longifolia

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