Europium ions and silver nanoparticles co-doped magnesium-zinc-sulfophosphate glasses: Evaluation of ligand field and Judd-Ofelt parameters

Customized physical and structural features of phosphate-based glass-ceramics: role of Ag nanoparticles and Ho3+ impurities

“…Thus, Ag NPs have been used as the sensitizers in many systems to improve the LI's optical properties [15][16][17][18][19]. In the host matrix these Ag NPs can be embedded by two ways, where their nucleation and growth in both cases follow the Ostwald ripening and coalescence mechanisms [20,21]. In the first mode, an appropriate amount of chloride, nitride, carbonate or oxide of silver is mixed into the glass composition as constituent and then the Ag NPs are formed by the redox reactions during the annealing at high temperature [22][23][24][25].…”