Europium-152 Depth Profile of a Stone Bridge Pillar Exposed to the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb

Hasai, Hiromi; Iwatani, Kazuo; Shizuma, Kiyoshi; Hoshi, Masaharu; Yokoro, Kenjiro; Sawada, Shozo; Kosako, Toshiso; Morishima, Hiroshige

doi:10.1097/00004032-198709000-00002

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…These data, too, confirmed the discrepancies noted in the final report of DS86. In addition to a single measurement of 154 Eu published in 1983 [45], few further data were reported [59][60][61]. The most important new information resulted from the measurement of another radionuclide, 36 Cl, that was predominantly produced by thermal neutrons via a (n,γ ) reaction on 35 Cl.…”

Section: Developments After the Release Of Ds86mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it was shown -in studies with 59 Nithat AMS in combination with the use of a gas-filled analyzing magnet system (GAMS) can achieve detection limits that are about 2 orders of magnitude better than the detection limits for 63 Ni with the AMS and characteristic x-ray method [90]. Present and future activities will focus on the development of AMS with GAMS for 63 Ni.…”

Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Present and future activities will focus on the development of AMS with GAMS for 63 Ni. Extrapolating the background-limited detection limit for 59 Ni shows that with use of GAMS, a detection limit of 63 Ni/Ni 63 Ni and 62 Ni (n,γ) 63 Ni reactions. A detection limit extrapolated from 59 Ni results is shown for comparison [90].…”

Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dosimetry system DS86 and the neutron discrepancy in Hiroshima - historical review, present status, and future options

Rühm¹,

Kellerer²,

Korschinek

et al. 1998

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics

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The historical development of the dosimetry systems for Hiroshima and Nagasaki is outlined from the time immediately after the A-bomb explosions to the publication of the dosimetry system DS86 in 1987, and the present status of the so-called Hiroshima neutron discrepancy is summarized. Several long-lived radionuclides are discussed with regard to their production by neutrons from the A-bomb explosions. With the exception of 63Ni, these radionuclides have not, up to now, been measured in samples from Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Two of them, 63Ni in copper samples and 39Ar in granite samples, were predominantly produced by fast neutrons. 63Ni can be determined by accelerator mass spectrometry with a gas-filled analyzing magnet. It should be measurable, in the near future, in copper samples up to 1500 m from the hypocenter in Hiroshima. 39Ar can be measured in terms of low-level beta-counting. This should be feasible up to a distance of about 1000 m from the hypocenter. Three radionuclides, 10Be, 14C, and 59Ni, were produced predominantly by thermal neutrons with smaller fractions due to the epithermal and fast neutrons, which contribute increasingly more at larger distances from the hypocenter. State-of-the-art accelerator mass spectrometry is likely to permit the determination of 10Be close to the hypocenter and of 14C up to a distance of about 1000 m. 59Ni should be detectable up to a distance of about 1000 m in terms of accelerator mass spectrometry with a gas-filled magnet. The measurements of 10Be, 14C, 39Ar, 59Ni -- and potentially of 131Xe -- can be performed in the same granitic sample that was already analyzed for 36Cl, 41Ca, 6Co, 152Eu, and 154Eu. This will provide extensive information on the neutron spectrum at the specified location, and similarly complete analyses can conceivably be performed on granite samples at other locations.

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Section: Developments After the Release Of Ds86mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The dosimetry system DS86 and the neutron discrepancy in Hiroshima - historical review, present status, and future options

Rühm¹,

Kellerer²,

Korschinek

et al. 1998

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics

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“…152 Eu was a very important nuclide for evaluating the thermal neutron fluences from the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. A great number of 152 Eu measurements have since been made from samples exposed to either the Hiroshima or Nagasaki atomic bomb (Hasai et al 1987;Hoshi et al 1989;Nakanishi et al 1983Nakanishi et al , 1987Nakanishi et al , 1991Okajima and Miyajima 1987;Sakanoue et al 1987;Shizuma et al 1992Shizuma et al , 1993Shizuma et al , 2003. The "Dosimetry System 1986" (DS86) was formulated for the evaluation of individual radiation dose to the survivors based on a computational model that was verified by the use of experimental data from Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Roesch 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ATOMIC BOMB INDUCED 152Eu: RECONCILIATION OF DISCREPANCY BETWEEN MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATION

Komura

Hoshi²,

Endo³

et al. 2007

Health Physics

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“…1). In addition, a few measurements on the radionuclides 41Ca [28,29], 63Ni [30], and 154Eu [7,10,31,32] were reported (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

36Cl measurements in hiroshima granite samples as part of an international intercomparison study

Huber

Rühm²,

Hoshi

et al. 2003

Radiat Environ Biophys

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Within the effort to resolve the so-called Hiroshima neutron discrepancy, an international intercomparison study has been carried out on granite samples from Hiroshima, with participating institutions from Japan, the US, and Germany. (36)Cl and (152)Eu produced in these samples by thermal neutrons from the A-bomb explosion were assessed independently by means of different techniques. At the Maier-Leibnitz-Laboratory near Munich, Germany, (36)Cl concentrations were measured by accelerator mass spectrometry. Measured (36)Cl/Cl ratios ranged from 1,670 x 10(-13) (at a distance of 146 m from the hypocenter) to 2.2 x 10(-13) (at a distance of 1,163 m from the hypocenter). One granite sample not exposed to A-bomb neutrons was measured as a control, and a (36)Cl/Cl ratio of 2.6 x 10(-13) was obtained. On average, our experimental results are 20-30% lower than those provided by model calculations based on the dosimetry system DS86. The results presented here do not support previous assessments of (36)Cl, (60)Co, and (152)Eu which had suggested much larger thermal neutron fluences than those calculated on the basis of DS86 for distances from the hypocenter of more than 1,000 m.

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Europium-152 Depth Profile of a Stone Bridge Pillar Exposed to the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

The dosimetry system DS86 and the neutron discrepancy in Hiroshima - historical review, present status, and future options

The dosimetry system DS86 and the neutron discrepancy in Hiroshima - historical review, present status, and future options

ATOMIC BOMB INDUCED 152Eu: RECONCILIATION OF DISCREPANCY BETWEEN MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATION

36Cl measurements in hiroshima granite samples as part of an international intercomparison study

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