European identity can mean different things to different people. Yet, past quantitative research has largely focused on the extent to which individuals identify with Europe, and only in a limited way on the meaning and content of that identity. This is problematic because depending on the content of European identity, it may be associated with varying positions towards issues like immigration or Euroscepticism. In this overview, we present two different methods how to assess identity content that can be implemented in survey research. These represent open-ended questions on what it means to be European and Q methodology, asking participants to sort different aspects of Europe according to whether they strengthen or weaken attachment. Different analytical methods exist to group participants’ answers, leading to different results. Drawing on four studies that have used these methods, participants displayed a variety of understandings of Europe and Europeanness, which tap into ethnic heritage, culture, civic institutions, and individual practices among others. These findings highlight the importance to assess identity content next to identity processes (e.g., identification).