European Pine Shoot Moth Control Tests

Ecology of Forest Insects

“…The importance of timing the application of insecticides is mentioned in literature over and over, and it may be assumed that timing must be based upon a knowledge of insect habits and responses to environmental condi tions. That such knowledge is often inadequate is brought out by Cannola et al (74) who reports success in controlling the European pine shoot moth during one season and no control the following year using the same material and dosage. The failure was presumably attributable to poor timing of the latter application, but why it was poor was not explained.…”

The Biology and Behaviour of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), in Southern Ontario I. Adult

“…These authors have included comprehensive reviews of the earlier literature. Subsequent research in North America has been concerned primarily with the direct chemical control of the shoot moth and the assessment of insecticides (Friend and Plumb, 1938), (Stearns, 1953), (Connola et al, 1954), (Haynes et nl., 1958), (Flink, 1959), Haynes 1958, 1959). Butcher and Haynes (1960) concluded that although a number of insecticides reduced shoot moth populations significantly, the method of application used in the tests would be impractical under forestry conditions.…”