European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice Third Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts)

Backer, Guy De; Ambrosioni, Ettore; Borch‐Johnsen, Knut; Brotons, Carlos; Cífková, Renata; Dallongeville, Jean; Ebrahim, Shah; Færgeman, Ole; Graham, Ian; Mancia, Giuseppe; Cats, V. Manger; Orth‐Gomér, Kristina; Perk, Joep; Pyörälà, Kalevi; Rodicio, José L.; Sans, Susana; Sansoy, Vedat; Sechtem, Udo; Silber, Sigmund; Thomsen, Troels; Wood, David; Albus, Christian; Bagés, Nuri; Burell, Gunilla; Conroy, Ronán; Deter, Hans Christian; Hermann-Lingen, Christoph; Humphries, S.E.; Fitzgerald, Anthony P.; Oldenburg, Brian; Schneiderman, Neil; Uutela, Antti; Williams, Redford B.; Yarnell, John; García, María Ángeles Alonso; Blanc, Jean‐Jacques; Budaj, Andrzej; Cowie, Martin; Dean, Veronica; Deckers, Jaap W.; Burgos, Enrique Fernández; Lekakis, John; Lindahl, Bertil; Mazzotta, Gianfranco; McGregor, Keith; Morais, João; Oto, Ali̇; Smiseth, Otto A.; Trappe, Hans‐Joachim; Agardh, Carl‐David; Bassand, Jean‐Pierre; Godycki-Ćwirko, Maciek; Heagerty, Anthony M.; Heine, Robert J.; Home, Philip; Priori, Silvia G.; Puska, Pekka; Rayner, Mike; Rosengren, Annika; Sammut, Mario R.; Shepherd, James; Siegrist, Johannés; Simoons, Maarten L.; Tendera, Michał; Zanchetti, Alberto

doi:10.1016/s0195-668x(03)00347-6

Cited by 1,706 publications

(535 citation statements)

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“…If so, an overestimation of the risk occurred in both groups and therefore would not change the direction of effect. Due to the young age of our participants, we calculated the 10‐year risk scores as if the women were 60 years of age according to guidelines for young women with elevated risk factor levels 25. The new method of “cardiovascular risk age”28 was not applicable to our young cohort (age below 40 years).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 10‐year CVD risk score was calculated twice, once using current age and subsequently estimating the risk as if the woman was 60 years of age (due to the young age of our participants, the estimated absolute 10‐year CVD risk was likely to be low). This approach has been recommended in the cardiovascular risk factor management guidelines for young women with elevated risk factor levels 25. The risk estimation was repeated in a subgroup analysis including women with idiopathic RM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased cardiovascular disease risk in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage

Wagner

Beshay

Rooijakkers

et al. 2018

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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IntroductionCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women. Observational studies suggest that women with a history of recurrent miscarriage have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.Material and methodsWomen who visited the recurrent miscarriage clinic at Leiden University Medical Center between 2000 and 2010 and who had their third consecutive miscarriage before the age of 31 years, were invited to participate in this follow‐up study (between 2012 and 2014). The reference group consisted of women with at least one uncomplicated pregnancy and no miscarriage, matched by zip code, age, and date of pregnancy. All women were invited for risk factor screening, including physical examination and blood collection. Main outcome measures were the (extrapolated) 10‐ and 30‐year cardiovascular risk scores using the Framingham risk score. A subanalysis was performed for women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage.ResultsThirty‐six women were included in both groups. Mean follow up was 7.5 years. Women with recurrent miscarriage had a significantly higher extrapolated 10‐year cardiovascular risk score (mean 6.24%, SD 5.44) compared with women with no miscarriage (mean 3.56%, SD 1.82, P = .007) and a significantly higher 30‐year cardiovascular risk score (mean 9.86%, SD 9.10) compared with women with no miscarriage (mean 6.39%, SD 4.20, P = .04). Similar results were found in women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (n = 28).ConclusionsWomen with a history of recurrent miscarriage differ in cardiovascular risk profile at a young age compared with women with no miscarriage. The findings support an opportunity to identify women at risk of cardiovascular disease later in life and a possible moment for intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased cardiovascular disease risk in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage

Wagner

Beshay

Rooijakkers

et al. 2018

Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand

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“…Supplemental therapy with lipid-lowering medications has been shown to safely reduce the long-term incidence of major cardiovascular events in secondary prevention and, more recently, high-risk primary prevention trials, and is universally recommended in patients with established or at high predicted risk of cardiovascular disease. 5,6 Numerous reports have documented the underrecognition and undertreatment of elevated cholesterol levels in developed and developing countries. [7][8][9][10][11] Whereas most studies have examined the patient-and physician-level factors responsible for these variations, 9,12,13,14 associations with country-level factors have not been systematically explored.…”

Section: Clinical Perspective On P 1869mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific cut point for defining "desirable" cholesterol level varies as do recommended strategies for subsequent risk assessment and management. 5,6,28 In our study, based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines for risk assessment, 5 we considered total cholesterol Ն200 mg/dL to be elevated. This cut point is, for instance, higher than the thresholds used in guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology 6 and WHO.…”

Section: Global Challenges For Cholesterol Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6,28 In our study, based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines for risk assessment, 5 we considered total cholesterol Ն200 mg/dL to be elevated. This cut point is, for instance, higher than the thresholds used in guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology 6 and WHO. 28 Such variability in the threshold used to identify elevated cholesterol may explain some of the variation in the prevalence rates of elevated cholesterol across countries and, to the extent that it is correlated with the country-level factors used in this analysis, may underlie some of the associations found.…”

Section: Global Challenges For Cholesterol Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Variation in the Prevalence of Elevated Cholesterol in Outpatients With Established Vascular Disease or 3 Cardiovascular Risk Factors According to National Indices of Economic Development and Health System Performance

et al. 2012

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on behalf of the REACH Registry InvestigatorsBackground-Elevated serum cholesterol accounts for a considerable proportion of cardiovascular disease worldwide. An understanding of the relationship between country-level economic and health system factors and elevated cholesterol may provide insight for prioritization of cardiovascular prevention programs. Methods and Results-Using hierarchical models, we examined the relationship between elevated total cholesterol (Ͼ200 mg/dL) in 53 570 outpatients from 36 countries, and tertiles of several country-level indices: (1) gross national income, (2) total expenditure on health as percentage of gross domestic product, (3) government expenditure on health as percentage of total expenditure on health, (4) out-of-pocket expenditures as percentage of private expenditure on health, and the World Health Organization indices of (5) Health System Achievement and (6) Performance/Efficiency. Overall, 38% of outpatients had total cholesterol Ͼ200 mg/dL (Ͼ5.18 mmol/L), and 9.3% of the total variability in elevated cholesterol was at the country level; this proportion was higher for patients with (12.1%) versus without (7.4%) history of hyperlipidemia. Among patients with history of hyperlipidemia, countries in the highest tertile of gross national income or World Health Organization Health System Achievement had lower odds of elevated cholesterol than lower tertiles (PϽ0.001, for both). Countries in the highest tertile of out-of-pocket health expenditures had higher odds of elevated cholesterol than those in the lowest tertile (PϽ0.001). No significant associations were found for patients without history of hyperlipidemia. Conclusions-Global variations in the prevalence of elevated cholesterol among patients with history of hyperlipidemia are associated with country-level economic development and health system indices. These results support the need for strengthening efforts toward effective cardiovascular disease prevention and control and may provide insight for health policy setting at the national level. (Circulation. 2012;125:1858-1869.)

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Noninvasive Imaging of Atherosclerosis Among Asymptomatic Individuals

Raggi¹

2006

Arch Intern Med

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European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice Third Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of eight societies and by invited experts)

Cited by 1,706 publications

References 0 publications

Increased cardiovascular disease risk in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage

Increased cardiovascular disease risk in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage

Global Variation in the Prevalence of Elevated Cholesterol in Outpatients With Established Vascular Disease or 3 Cardiovascular Risk Factors According to National Indices of Economic Development and Health System Performance

Noninvasive Imaging of Atherosclerosis Among Asymptomatic Individuals

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