Increased cardiovascular disease risk in women with a history of recurrent miscarriage

Abstract

IntroductionCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women. Observational studies suggest that women with a history of recurrent miscarriage have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.Material and methodsWomen who visited the recurrent miscarriage clinic at Leiden University Medical Center between 2000 and 2010 and who had their third consecutive miscarriage before the age of 31 years, were invited to participate in this follow‐up study (between 2012 and 2014). The reference group consisted of women with at least one uncomplicated pregnancy and no miscarriage, matched by zip code, age, and date of pregnancy. All women were invited for risk factor screening, including physical examination and blood collection. Main outcome measures were the (extrapolated) 10‐ and 30‐year cardiovascular risk scores using the Framingham risk score. A subanalysis was performed for women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage.ResultsThirty‐six women were included in both groups. Mean follow up was 7.5 years. Women with recurrent miscarriage had a significantly higher extrapolated 10‐year cardiovascular risk score (mean 6.24%, SD 5.44) compared with women with no miscarriage (mean 3.56%, SD 1.82, P = .007) and a significantly higher 30‐year cardiovascular risk score (mean 9.86%, SD 9.10) compared with women with no miscarriage (mean 6.39%, SD 4.20, P = .04). Similar results were found in women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (n = 28).ConclusionsWomen with a history of recurrent miscarriage differ in cardiovascular risk profile at a young age compared with women with no miscarriage. The findings support an opportunity to identify women at risk of cardiovascular disease later in life and a possible moment for intervention.

Long term miscarriage-related hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Evidence from a United Kingdom population-based cohort study

“…Pre-eclampsia and other obstetric complications have been included in the American Heart Association guidelines as cardiovascular risk factors for women, but miscarriage was omitted despite the fact that some of these complications share common pathological origins with miscarriage [11]. Furthermore, research through large population studies and meta-analyses has confirmed the strong association of miscarriage with cardiovascular outcomes, providing another reason for scientists to consider miscarriage in the assessment of future cardiovascular risk [12][13][14]. However, the link between miscarriage and the subsequent development of cardiovascular disease are not well argued or documented.…”

The Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shoutai Pill Combined with Western Medicine in the First Trimester of Pregnancy in Women with Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Various therapeutic strategies such as immunologic intervention with allogenic lymphocyte [ 9 ] and immunoglobulin [ 10 ], anticoagulant therapy using aspirin [ 11 ] or low-molecular weight heparin [ 12 ], hormonal supplementation with progesterone or dydrogesterone [ 13 ], and microelements supplementation, such as vitamin E, vitamin D [ 14 ], and folic acid [ 15 ], have been used to improve pregnancy outcomes among these women, but no effective treatment has been identified. To date, there is no widely accepted therapeutic approaches for URSA [ 16 ], bringing seriously physical and mental impacts to both the affected female population and their families [ 17 – 19 ]. Therefore, it is essential to investigate effective treatments to reduce pregnancy losses and maintain successful pregnancy preservation in patients with URSA.…”

Telomere length in individuals with early pregnancy losses

“…Жінки, що перенесли втрати вагітності, зазнають стресу, через що порушуються функції цілого організму [7,9,15,16]. Вони також мають підвищений ризик кардіоваскулярних захворювань [14], які, як відомо, асоціюються із короткими теломерами [4,6]. Отже, довжина теломер є суттєво меншою у жінок із ранніми репродуктивними втратами.…”