European Green Deal: Threats Assessment for Agri-Food Exporting Countries to the EU

Abstract

This article is devoted to assessing and substantiating the threats for countries/exporters of agricultural products to the EU under conditions of the European Green Deal. The revealed comparative advantages index (RCA), comparison method, correlation and regression analysis, and taxonomic method have been applied. According to the RCA index the main causes for the relatively significant volume of agri-food exports by some countries to the EU have been identified; using the comparison method it was found that among the leading countries by agricultural products export to the EU, many states do not meet the European Green Deal target criteria for agriculture. Correlation and regression analysis has revealed that among the chosen factors only the volume of fertilisers use per cropland has direct and strong influence on CO2eq emissions; by a taxonomic method the threats value for the leading agri-food exporters to the EU has been calculated. The major agri-food exporters to the EU under conditions of the European Green Deal targets till 2030 have a high threat regarding reduction of their supply to the Member States in the case of a possible Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism or the introduction of other import restriction mechanisms in future. The results of the study can be used by the government and other executive bodies of the analysed countries to make adequate and rapid decisions to avoid the threats of possible agri-food exports reduction to the EU under the further European Green Deal implementation.

Innovative Almond-Growing Strategy in Ukraine: Enterprise Level

“…Nevertheless, this list is not exhaustive and needs to be expanded. However, the given list encompasses the most vital aspects that should be added up [7], including certain risks of growing almonds, limitations of industrial production, technology, land utilization, the current state of almond production in Ukraine, lack of varieties, energy supply, product quality, supply chain reachability, logistics, marketing, and scarcity of scientific support and knowledge [19]. Improving the strategy for the transformation of the Ukrainian edible nut sub-complex by increasing the level of professionalism, support, and promotion.…”

“…This study, however, had some significant limitations regarding the interests of all supply chain actors and needs to be further developed. A more detailed analysis of the value chain in the fat and oil sub-complex that took into account different types of products and the general interests of the subjects of the value chain [7] was carried out in another study [6]. The value obtained in the results was the possibility of their practical use for agricultural and food enterprises in solving the problem of ensuring the competitiveness of the enterprise and its products for export in a highly dynamic business environment (with particular emphasis on a reduction in price risks in the agricultural sector) based on the system relationships of the manufacturing enterprise.…”

Impact of the European Green Deal (EDG) on the Agricultural Carbon (CO2) Emission in Turkey

“…Faichuk et al [45] highlighted the threats and challenges under the provisions of the EGD for the exporters of agricultural products to the European Union [96]. They revealed comparative advantages index (RCA), after apply of correlation, comparison method, taxonomic method and regression techniques.…”

“…This was mostly done under the direction of the Ministry of Trade [43,44]. At the Glasgow COP26 Summit, Turkey quickly released a plan for adapting to EGD, passed the Paris Agreement in parliament, and promised to be carbon neutral by 2053 [45,46]. Turkish exporters may choose from a broad range of options throughout the value chain [47].…”

European Green Deal: Satellite Monitoring in the Implementation of the Concept of Agricultural Development in an Urbanized Environment

“…This problem determines the number of scientific and applied problems. It is relevant for European countries [1][2][3][4][5]. As a result of the European Green Deal (EGD), the requirements for the quality of raw materials from which energy is obtained, the quality of products, and the ecology of large-and medium-sized cities are being strengthened in the European Union.…”