European agricultural terraces and lynchets: from archaeological theory to heritage management

Brown, A. G.; Walsh, Kevin; Fallu, Daniel J.; Cucchiaro, Sara; Tarolli, Paolo

doi:10.1080/00438243.2021.1891963

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…There are two ways to differentiate agricultural terraces: horizontal layout (planform) and vertical profile. The horizontal layout can strictly follow the contour lines, can form braided structures or lynchets 75 , or, alternatively, they can compose wave-like terraces 49 or off-contour terraces 76 . Moreover, Brown et al 75 identified regular box-like terrace structures and, together with Wei et al 49 , referenced pocket/half-moon shaped terraces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The horizontal layout can strictly follow the contour lines, can form braided structures or lynchets 75 , or, alternatively, they can compose wave-like terraces 49 or off-contour terraces 76 . Moreover, Brown et al 75 identified regular box-like terrace structures and, together with Wei et al 49 , referenced pocket/half-moon shaped terraces. Pocket terraces also have a wall-free “spontaneous” version 76 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological and historical factors behind the spatial structure of the historical field patterns in the Czech Republic

Fanta

Beneš²,

Zouhar

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Historical field systems are an essential part of the traditional cultural landscape of societies with primarily agricultural subsistence. They embody many functions and values, as they affect the productional, ecological and hydrological functioning of the landscape, its cultural values, the way people perceive the landscape, and their impact on present-day farming. As an aspect of the historical landscape, field systems are a topic investigated in landscape archaeology, environmental studies, historical geography, landscape ecology, and related disciplines. Historical field systems can form many complex spatial structures, shapes and patterns. This paper focuses on identifying environmental and historical/cultural driving forces during the formation and the historical development of various field pattern types. We worked with 523 settlements established in the medieval to the early modern period (approx. 900–1600 AD) in the present-day Czech Republic. We have determined the proportions of different field pattern types in the examined cadastres and have statistically compared them with a variety of environmental and geographical predictors. Our results indicate a strong influence of environmental predictors (terrain undulation, cadastre size), the impact of specific historical events and associated social changes (e.g. land confiscations by the state in the seventeenth century), and a significant relationship between field pattern types and settlement layout types. Furthermore, we have observed the different adaptations of field pattern types to similar environmental conditions, as well as the impact of social and political factors on the processes of landscape formation. Our paper provides the first detailed analysis of the geographical distribution of traditional field systems on the scale of an entire modern state, and emphasizes the importance of transdisciplinary research on cultural landscapes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and historical factors behind the spatial structure of the historical field patterns in the Czech Republic

Fanta

Beneš²,

Zouhar

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, Cucchiaro et al (2020) demonstrate that orthomosaics from drones provided an accurate and high level of detail of the terrace landscape, the archaeological features and sediment stratigraphy along an excavation trench previously unobserved. Similarly, Brown et al (2021) show the beneficial use of drones to map multi-faceted terraces under intensification and diversification. In landscape archaeology, Stek (2016) demonstrates the utility of drones for detecting previously undocumented subsurface archaeological artifacts in mountainous, Mediterranean landscapes.…”

Section: Drones As Social Science Research Toolsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Use of Drones in the Spatial Social Sciences

Hall¹,

Wahab²

2021

Preprint

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Drones are increasingly becoming a ubiquitous feature of society. They are being used for a multiplicity of applications for military, leisure, economic, and academic purposes. Their application in the latter, especially as social science research tools has seen a sharp uptake in the last decade. This has been possible due, largely, to significant developments in computerization and miniaturization which have culminated in safer, cheaper, lighter, and thus more accessible drones for social scientists. Despite their increasingly widespread use, there has not been an adequate reflection on their use in the spatial social sciences. There is need a deeper reflection on their application in these fields of study. Should the drone even be considered a tool in the toolbox of the social scientist? In which fields is it most relevant? Should it be taught as a course in the universities much in the same way that geographic information system (GIS) became mainstream in geography? What are the ethical implications of its application in the spatial social science? This paper is a brief reflection on these questions. We contend that drones are a neutral tool which can be good and evil. They have actual and potential wide applications in academia but can be a tool through which breaches in ethics can be occasioned given their unique abilities to capture data from vantage perspectives. Researchers therefore need to be circumspect in how they deploy this powerful tool which is increasingly becoming mainstream in the social sciences.

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“…For example, Cucchiaro, Fallu [51] demonstrate that orthomosaics from drones provide an accurate and high level of detail of the terrace landscape, the archaeological features and sediment stratigraphy along an excavation trench previously unobserved. Similarly, Brown, Walsh [52] show the beneficial use of drones to map multi-faceted terraces under intensification and diversification. In landscape archaeology, Stek [53] demonstrates the utility of drones for detecting previously undocumented subsurface archaeological artifacts in mountainous, Mediterranean landscapes.…”

Section: Drones As Social Science Research Toolsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Use of Drones in the Spatial Social Sciences

Hall

Wahab

2021

Drones

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Drones are increasingly becoming a ubiquitous feature of society. They are being used for a multiplicity of applications for military, leisure, economic, and academic purposes. Their application in academia, especially as social science research tools, has seen a sharp uptake in the last decade. This has been possible due, largely, to significant developments in computerization and miniaturization, which have culminated in safer, cheaper, lighter, and thus more accessible drones for social scientists. Despite their increasingly widespread use, there has not been an adequate reflection on their use in the spatial social sciences. There is need for a deeper reflection on their application in these fields of study. Should the drone even be considered a tool in the toolbox of the social scientist? In which fields is it most relevant? Should it be taught as a course in the social sciences much in the same way that spatially-oriented software packages have become mainstream in institutions of higher learning? What are the ethical implications of its application in spatial social science? This paper is a brief reflection on these questions. We contend that drones are a neutral tool which can be good and evil. They have actual and potentially wide applicability in academia but can be a tool through which breaches in ethics can be occasioned given their unique abilities to capture data from vantage perspectives. Researchers therefore need to be circumspect in how they deploy this powerful tool which is increasingly becoming mainstream in the social sciences.

show abstract

European agricultural terraces and lynchets: from archaeological theory to heritage management

Cited by 24 publications

References 95 publications

Ecological and historical factors behind the spatial structure of the historical field patterns in the Czech Republic

Ecological and historical factors behind the spatial structure of the historical field patterns in the Czech Republic

The Use of Drones in the Spatial Social Sciences

The Use of Drones in the Spatial Social Sciences

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