Europe’s southernmost glaciers: response and adaptation to climate change

Grunewald, Karsten; Scheithauer, Jörg

doi:10.3189/002214310791190947

Cited by 126 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, large amounts of debris are usually associated with these systems because of the rapid weathering of the surrounding rockwalls. Moreover, the height and surface of the latter can be lopsided in comparison with the restricted glacier surface (Maisch et al, 1999;Grunewald and Scheithauer, 2010). Finally, the debris evacuation can be limited because the weak driving stress of these thin ice masses is commonly reduced by the presence of cold ice (Gilbert et al, 2012) and/or large and possibly frozen sediment accumulations in the distal zone, such as moraine dam (sensu Benn et al, 2003), ice-cored moraines or rock glaciers (Shroder et al, 2000;Kirkbride and Deline, 2013;Bosson et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Structure and Current Evolution of Very Small Debris-Covered Glacier Systems Located in Alpine Permafrost Environments

Bosson

Lambiel

2016

Front. Earth Sci.

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This contribution explores the internal structure of very small debris-covered glacier systems located in permafrost environments and their current dynamical responses to short-term climatic variations. Three systems were investigated with electrical resistivity tomography and dGPS monitoring over a 3-year period. Five distinct sectors are highlighted in each system: firn and bare-ice glacier, debris-covered glacier, heavily debris-covered glacier of low activity, rock glacier and ice-free debris. Decimetric to metric movements, related to ice ablation, internal deformation and basal sliding affect the glacial zones, which are mainly active in summer. Conversely, surface lowering is close to zero (−0.04 m yr −1 ) in the rock glaciers. Here, a constant and slow internal deformation was observed (c. 0.2 m yr −1 ). Thus, these systems are affected by both direct and high magnitude responses and delayed and attenuated responses to climatic variations. This differential evolution appears mainly controlled by (1) the proportion of ice, debris and the presence of water in the ground, and (2) the thickness of the superficial debris layer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Structure and Current Evolution of Very Small Debris-Covered Glacier Systems Located in Alpine Permafrost Environments

Bosson

Lambiel

2016

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…These are the southernmost glacial masses in Europe at present [6]. Debelinamet (2.5 ha) is the only small glacier in Durmitor [7]. Much higher precipitation in the Dinarides allow for the glacier to persist at surprisingly low altitudes (2035-2200 m a. s. l.).…”

Section: Glaciokarst Features Of Special Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Karstification in the mountains Durmitor (Montenegro) and Pirin (Bulgaria) and its expression in surface landforms

Gachev¹,

Mitkov²

2017

Proceedings of the 33rd Romanian Geomorphology Symposium

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Abstract-The present study makes a comparison of the development of karstic processes and their landform expression in two representative high mountain areas on the Balkan Peninsula: Durmitor (Dinaric chain, Montenegro) and Pirin (Rhodope massif, Bulgaria). Main accent is put on epikarst and its features. On the background of many similarities: strong glaciation in the Pleistocene, pronounced cirques and arêtes, preserved moraine deposits, rough present-day topography, some obvious differences are observed. These are mostly derived by the differences in carbonate bedrock (limestone in Durmitor and marble in Pirin), and climate (damp to the west and drier to the east). The tectonic setting is also important. Such a comparison has not been done so far. It would contribute to obtain a better regional outlook on the processes in the high mountain karstic areas in Southeastern Europe.

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“…The influence of extreme summer temperatures during 2003-2007 on the Debeli Namet glacier was examined (Hughes 2008). Grünewald and Scheithauer (2010) analysed and predicted the current and future status of the southern European glaciers, including the Debeli Namet glacier, in terms of regional climate change.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the Holocene era, glaciers almost completely retreated from these areas and remained only on particular mountains (Messerli 1980;Grünewald and Scheithauer 2010). Compared to their size during the Pleistocene, glacier sizes have been greatly reduced.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They display similar characteristics: small spatial extents, underdeveloped tongues and widths commonly exceeding their lengths. They have been described as the Pyrenean type (Meccerli 1967) and were studied in the Pyrenees (Grove and Gellatly1995;Grove 2004), in the Sierra Nevada (Gómez et al 2003), in Picos de Europa (González-Trueba 2004) in Spain, in the Alpes Maritimes in France (Federici and Stefanini 2001), in the Italian Apennines (D'Orefice et al 2000;Dramis et al 2002;D'Alessandro et al 2003;Pecci 2006;Pecci et al 2008), in the Slovenian Alps ([ifrer 1976;Tintor 1993;Gams 1994;Gabrovec 1998;Pav{ek 2007;Triglav ^ekada et al 2012), in Durmitor Mountains in Montenegro (Djurovi} 1996;1999;2010), in Prokletije Mountains in Albania (Milivojevi} et al 2007;Hughes 2008), in Pirin Mountains in Bulgaria Gachev 2009;Gachev et al 2009;Grünewald and Scheithauer 2010) and elsewhere. Several smaller glaciers existed beyond the Debeli Namet glacier during the LIA on Durmitor Mountain but subsequently disappeared (Hughes 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Debeli Namet glacier (Durmitor, Montenegro) – from the second half of the 20th century to the present

Djurovic¹

2012

AGS

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Debeli Namet is one of Europe's southernmost glaciers (July 28, 2007). Debeli namet je eden od najju`nej{ih evropskih ledenikov (28. julija 2007). PREDRAG DJUROVI]Predrag Djurovi}, The Debeli Namet glacier from the second half of the 20th century to the present ABSTRACT: The Debeli Namet glacier is one of two recent glaciers located in the south western Balkans, located on Durmitor Mountain in the south eastern Dinarides mountain range in Montenegro and is considered to be a small glacier. The size of the glacier from 1954 to 1981 was estimated based on aerial photographs. According to glaciological research, geomorphologic studies of the nearby relief and analyses of climate change (temperature and precipitation) within the last 50 years, new data on the glacier have been obtained. The Debeli Namet glacier is reducing at a rate slower than that of other southern European glaciers. The Debeli Namet glacier did not significantly fluctuate in size (surface and thickness) in response to temperature increases that occurred at the end of the 20 st and at the beginning of the 21 st centuries. Here, we present partially revised data accompanied by recent results related to the glacier's recent behaviour, its surroundings and its associated climate.

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Europe’s southernmost glaciers: response and adaptation to climate change

Cited by 126 publications

References 49 publications

Internal Structure and Current Evolution of Very Small Debris-Covered Glacier Systems Located in Alpine Permafrost Environments

Internal Structure and Current Evolution of Very Small Debris-Covered Glacier Systems Located in Alpine Permafrost Environments

Karstification in the mountains Durmitor (Montenegro) and Pirin (Bulgaria) and its expression in surface landforms

The Debeli Namet glacier (Durmitor, Montenegro) – from the second half of the 20th century to the present

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