Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. flavonoids fraction attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice

Abstract

Eupatorium lindleyanum DC., "Ye-Ma-Zhui" called by local residents in China, showed anti-inflammatory activity and is used to treat tracheitis. We had isolated and identified the flavonoids, diterpenoids and sesquiterpenes compounds from the herb. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of the flavonoids fraction of E. lindleyanum (EUP-FLA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice and the possible underlying mechanisms of action. EUP-FLA could significantly decrease lung wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio, nitric oxide (NO) and protein concentration in BALF, lower myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and down-regulate the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Additionally, EUP-FLA attenuated lung histopathological changes and significantly reduced complement deposition with decreasing the levels of Complement 3 (C3) and Complement 3c (C3c) in serum. These results demonstrated that EUP-FLA may attenuate LPS-induced ALI via reducing productions of pro-inflammatory mediators, decreasing the level of complement and affecting the NO, SOD and MPO activity.

The protective effects of Sauropus spatulifolius on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide

“…ALI is characterized by alveolar–capillary membrane disruption, extensive leukocyte infiltration and release of pro‐inflammatory mediators, and pulmonary edema associated with proteinaceous alveolar exudates and deterioration of gas exchange. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐ α , IL‐6 and IL‐1 β appear in the early phase of inflammatory response and play a critical role in lung injury . The lung W/D ratio was used to quantify the magnitude of pulmonary edema, which is a major characteristic of ALI, and the total protein content in BALF was used to evaluate the epithelial and endothelial permeability in ALI …”

“…The production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐ α , IL‐6 and IL‐1 β ) contributes to the severity of lung injury . The anti‐inflammatory factors IL‐13, IL‐10 and IL‐4 may play an important role in LPS‐induced ALI because of their anti‐inflammatory effects .…”

“…ALI is caused by a variety of direct and indirect factors affecting the complex response of the lungs. The histological signs of ALI show diffuse alveolar damage, pulmonary edema, endothelial cell damage and increased neutrophil accumulation and vascular permeability . Lung injury is associated with the systematic inflammatory response; tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐ α ), interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and IL‐1 β appear in the early phase of an inflammatory response and contribute to the severity of lung injury …”

“…The histological signs of ALI show diffuse alveolar damage, pulmonary edema, endothelial cell damage and increased neutrophil accumulation and vascular permeability. [4][5][6] Lung injury is associated with the systematic inflammatory response; tumor necrosis factor (TNF-), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1 appear in the early phase of an inflammatory response and contribute to the severity of lung injury. [4][5][6] Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of ALI.…”

“…Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-, IL-6 and IL-1 appear in the early phase of inflammatory response and play a critical role in lung injury. [4][5][6]15 The lung W/D ratio was used to quantify the magnitude of pulmonary edema, which is a major characteristic of ALI, and the total protein content in BALF was used to evaluate the epithelial and endothelial permeability in ALI. [4][5][6]15,16 Protective effects of LLYCSL on ALI mice LLYCSL at 100 mg kg −1 markedly decreased the lung W/D ratio and the total protein concentration and pro-inflammatory factor (TNF-, IL-6 and IL-1 ) levels in BALF in comparison with ALI mice (P < 0.01), which indicated that LLYCSL could inhibit the leakage of serous fluid into lung tissue and attenuate the development J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98: 4420-4426Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 8).…”