Etnologia dos Kaingang e seus territórios no estado do Paraná

Abstract

O povo Kaingang, disperso pelos estados do Sul e por São Paulo, faz parte do tronco linguístico Macro-Jê, junto com outras etnias do território nacional. Além disso, arqueólogos e antropólogos sugerem que esse povo também compartilha características com os grupos pré-históricos das tradições Taquara e Casa de Pedra. Com a complexidade histórica e territorial dos Kaingang, este trabalho tem o objetivo geral de oferecer uma visão ampla sobre aspectos desse povo, debatendo acerca das convergências e divergências com diferentes grupos humanos, bem como dentre as tradições pretéritas e aquelas que continuam presentes em seus territórios. Para desenvolver esta pesquisa, utilizou-se de literaturas pertinentes a cada tópico debatido, permeados pelas percepções das autoras em seu trabalho de campo junto a esse público. O diálogo entre áreas de pesquisa diversas, trouxe frescor às discussões, podendo estabelecer conexões e entender o panorama histórico e territorial dos Kaingang de maneira mais complexa, sobretudo aqueles do estado do Paraná. Ademais, foi possível debater acerca do papel fundamental dos territórios para as populações indígenas como local de reprodução cosmológica, cultural e religiosa desses povos.

Perception of Kaingang indigenous people about environmental politics in Brazil in the 21st century

“…Furthermore, the discussions brought by other studies developed with the Kaingang (VEIGA, 2006;LAPPE;LAROQUE, 2015;BRANDO, 2022) are in line with the perspective of nature's contributions to people, as described in the second chapter of the document on biodiversity and ecosystem services (BRAUMAN et al, 2020), which shows that the interaction of human beings with nature allows the co-production of ecological knowledge and a positive impact on people's quality of life.…”

“…It has an intrinsic meaning, mainly because they understand the relationship of mutuality between maintaining the environment and their culture and way of life, that is, their people. Because of this unique perception, indigenous peoples are increasingly being called upon by international arenas to contribute to issues related to biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation (BRAUMAN et al, 2020;AYRES, 2022).…”

“…This narrative shows the importance of indigenous territories for the conservation of the cultural diversity of these groups, serving as an "area of cultural, religious, cosmological reproduction" (Interviewee 04, 10/28/2020) (GROOM et al, 2005;BRANDO, 2022). These territories represent their culture and cosmology, a space of meanings and reproduction of their way of life.…”

“…These territories represent their culture and cosmology, a space of meanings and reproduction of their way of life. Furthermore, the maintenance of these territories and the existence of traditional knowledge, ecological or not, have acquired an essential role in planning initiatives to mitigate global environmental problems (BERKES, 2021;BRONDÍZIO et al, 2021;AYRES, 2022).…”

“…Interlocutions of Kaingang indigenous people about the environmental devastation of recent years in the Brazilian territory were sought to understand the human-nature relationship by traditional communities, understanding that these populations, in proximity to the surrounding environment, have developed management strategies and affective connections that are different from those usually exposed in Western society (AB 'SABER, 1996;AYRES, 2022;BRANDO, 2022). Lappe and Laroque (2015) discussed the reciprocal relationship between the Kaingang and nature on the importance of the territory for this population due to the presence of natural elements that support and maintain their culture.…”