Etiske utfordringer med nyere reproduksjonsteknologi

Abstract

Many persons previously infertile, or who risked having diseased children, can now have healthy children. At the same time, these technological opportunities also raise a wide range of moral questions, which rarely have easy answers. One reason for this is that they are based on profound ethical challenges. This article sets out to give a short overview of three types of technologies: assisting, selective, and characteristicchanging technologies. It goes on to highlight some of the important moral questions raised by these technologies. The third part addresses the basic ethical challenges lurking behind the moral questions and debates. The fourth part addresses some forgotten or hidden questions, arguing that these are telling and important.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Stakeholders’ Views on Responsible Assessments of Assistive Technologies through an Ethical HTA Matrix

“…Here, the importance of integrated assessments has been underlined by von Schomberg [7], while a related care for the future impact of new and emerging technologies has been voiced by Owen, et al [8]. Relevant to my argument is the demonstration by Fitzgerald and Adam [9] of the fragmentary decision-making landscape in Europe for assistive technologies, the lax and seemingly arbitrary approaches to testing of assistive technologies [10,11], and the recent report from the European Parliamentary Research Service Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA) voicing concerns over lack of proper assessments of assistive technologies classified as consumer technologies, which constitute the large majority of the marketed products [12]. Hopefully, my contribution might serve as a first brick in a bridge between the hasty, short-spanned, and profit-based logic in industry and the careful, person-centered, and budget-based logics of the health sector, as proposed by Demers-Payette, et al [13], through the use of similar assessment instruments.…”

“…were primarily selected to address a wide range of concerns that an RRI assessment should include for assistive technologies [17], and in addition they have been widely used to analyze ethical and social impacts of novel technologies [10,14,19,21,22,24,26,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. The reason for combining these two is that the Ethical Matrix can best be characterized as a general-purpose tool for practicing applied ethics, whereas the Socratic approach is highly specified towards the health field.…”

Hvordan vurdere etiske aspekter ved modernehelse- og velferdsteknologi?

“…Empirisk kunnskap («evidens») kobles slik med normative vurderinger. Velferdsteknologi kan defineres som «teknologi som kan anvendes i helse-og sosialtjenesten for å sikre menneskers velferd» (Hofmann, 2010). Selv om det finnes enkelte velferdsteknologivurderinger (VTV) (Gaedt, 2014), har det ikke etablert seg som en egen evalueringsform og følger ofte samme mønster som helseteknologivurderinger (Hofmann, 2010), men kan også følge andre former for teknologivurderinger, basert på STS.…”