Etiopathological differentiation of diabetes mellitus in lean, young adults

Role of sex hormones in bone homeostasis and their role in the development of male osteoporosis: A narrative review.

“…La aparición de fracturas asociadas con el envejecimiento se debe principalmente a la disminución de la función física como la pérdida de la masa magra, debilidad muscular, fragilidad de los huesos, sarcopenia y la disminución de la DMO. Estudios recientes han identificado la relación entre la testosterona y el riesgo de fracturas, donde se ha observado que pacientes masculinos de edad avanzada con fracturas osteoporóticas presentaron niveles de testosterona muy bajos en comparación con grupos controles de la misma edad y origen étnico (37,38). Algunos estudios respaldan la hipótesis de que la deficiencia de testosterona se asocia con un aumento en la incidencia de caídas mientras que otros rechazan esta hipótesis (39).…”

Novel Approaches in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Vascular Complications

“…We studied the etiopathogenetic markers in nonobese patients, aged younger than 35 years with DM. 10 Autoimmunity was diagnosed using glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, insulin autoantibody, and islet cell antibody. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) models of HOMA-beta and HOMA-IR were used for estimation of β-cell function and IR, respectively.…”

Type 2 diabetes in the young in South Asia: Clinical heterogeneity and need for aggressive public health measures

“…12 The characteristic features in these young patients with diabetes include strong family history of T2D (usually in both parents), abdominal obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia with very low HDL-cholesterol levels. 13,14 Even nonobese/lean young patients with T2D have insulin resistance 15,16 and high glucagon levels. 17 Greater insulin secretory deficiency may be a particular feature of South Asian populations, further increasing diabetes risk.…”