Etiopathogenesis of nosocomial sinusitis

Abstract

The article presents a review of modern literature on the problem of nosocomial rhinosinusitis. This pathology is rarely distinguished from the total number of diseases of the paranasal sinuses, given a number of differences in the etiopathogenesis, clinical course, and features of the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The publication presents a classification of nosocomial sinusitis, shows the role of various microflora in the development of the presented form of rhinosinusitis, in which fungal flora plays a special role. The features of the pathogenesis of the disease are indicated, taking into account the special status of the patient in the intensive care unit. The presented review shows the specific impact on the function and physiology of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses of additional life support methods for the patient, such as a nasogastric tube, mechanical ventilation. The difficulties of diagnosing and treating this nosology are also described, considering the characteristics of the patient’s comorbid condition. The relationship between the specifics of medical care provided to patients in the intensive care unit and its influence on the microflora and tone of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is shown. Thus, nosocomial sinusitis has a number of significant differences in the etiopathogenesis, course and outcomes of the disease as well as approaches to treatment and prevention measures, being a current problem of modern otorhinolaryngology requiring more detailed study.