Etiology of vaginal infections and antimicrobial resistance pattern of aerobic bacterial isolates in women of reproductive age group attending a tertiary care hospital

Pal, Kritika; Sidhu, Stanley; Devi, Pushpa; Malhotra, Sita; Malhotra, Anuradha; Soneja, Sapna

doi:10.21276/apjhs.2017.4.4.5

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…However, antibiotics like vancomycin, cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, and gentamicin were found to be 100% effective against Gram-positive isolates. This finding was similar to a study conducted by Pal, et al 51 and Singh et al 52 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Vulvovaginitis Prevalence Among Women in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: Special Emphasis on Aerobic Vaginitis Causing Bacterial Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors

Yasin

Ayalew

Dagnaw

et al. 2021

IDR

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Vulvovaginitis Prevalence Among Women in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: Special Emphasis on Aerobic Vaginitis Causing Bacterial Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors

Yasin

Ayalew

Dagnaw

et al. 2021

IDR

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“…The different infection patterns in this study may be due to prevailing conditions such as educational level, health awareness, health care and it's availability in every country. The results proved that 38.8% of gram negative bacteria detected in high vaginal swabs collected from symptomatic pregnant women, this result is in agreement with earlier studies performed by Razzak et al (2011) and Divya and Karthika (2015), while (Khamees, 2012;Ravishankar and Prakash, 2017;Pal et al, 2017) reported a rate 59.2%, 57.5% and 56.6% respectively in pregnant women. The reason for this variation is attributed to samples and population studied as well as to virulence factors of opportunistic bacteria and their role in pathogenicity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Our results were lower compared to a study conducted by Ahmad and Ali (Ahmad and Ali , 2015) whose results yielded 95%; while Divya and Karthika, 2015;Ravishankar and Prakash, 2017;Razzak et al, 2011 andPal et al, 2017 which reported a lower vaginitis prevalence (51%, 50.4%, 29.5% and 29.3% respectively) among pregnant women. These differences may be attributed to the variation in study techniques for isolation and identification of the causative agents of vaginal infection, species prevalence differs among the different geographical region and difference on study participant.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

“…Table (1) indicates that the high percentage of important symptoms relevant to vaginal infection was abnormal vaginal discharge (58.1%). Similar results have been obtained by Pal et al (2017) from India (58.5%), and Ahmad and Ali (2015) from Iraq in a rate of (56.8%).This could be attributed to the fact that the dominant normal microbial vaginal flora was replaced by many other opportunistic pathogens among women with abnormal discharge. Regarding the age pattern of vaginal infection, the results of the present study indicated that young sexually active women in the age group 26-35 had a high incidence of vaginal infection (51.6 %).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing-Bacteria Isolated From Pregnant Women With Genital Tract Infection in Duhok Governorate

Nerway

Al-Delaimi

2021

SJUOZ

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Beta-lactamase producing bacteria have a worldwide distribution with a high degree of prevalence in both community and hospital. Furthermore, multidrug resistant (MDR) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing bacterial isolates from women patients may limit treatment options available. This study was designed to determine the frequency of bacterial isolates associated with genital tract infection in pregnant women and their antimicrobial resistance profile and to assess the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases producing bacteria. Demonstrating the β-lactamase genes (blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with specific primers, was carried out on patients who were admitted to Maternity and Obstetric Hospital in Duhok city from November 2018 to October 2019. A total of 100 high vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women patients between the ages 18-45 years. All clinical samples were cultured and standard microbiological methods were used to identify bacterial isolates, then confirmed by Vitek®2 compact automated system. All gram negative bacterial isolates were studied phenotypically and genotypically for extended spectrum β-lactamases-production. Out of 100 vaginal swabs, 88% confirmed positive culture; 90.9% of which were bacterial isolates. From the total bacterial isolates, 38.8% were gram negative bacteria, with a predominant 54.8% Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by Escherichia coli 35.5%. 54.8% of the isolates were characterized as multidrug resistance isolates, 29% isolates were extensive drug resistance, and no pan drug resistance were detected. Among these, the commonest extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates were Escherichia coli 81.8% followed by, Klebsiella pneumoniae 58.8%. Extended spectrum β-lactamases-producing isolates have showed significantly higher resistance than non- extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates to third and fourth generation cephalosporins. CTX-M was the most common β-lactamase gene 73.7% among extended spectrum β-lactamase producing strains, followed by blaSHV, 57.9% and blaTEM 52.6%, 21.1% had combination of all bla genes, 15.8% had CTX-M only and combination of blaCTX-M with blaSHV and blaTEM. 10.5% among extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates carried SHV type only and in combination with TEM type while TEM gene were observed in 5.3%. We concluded that the drug resistant isolates were common, worryingly high and it may limit treatment options available. In this study a high level of the blaCTX-M gene was demonstrated among extended spectrum β-lactamases producing isolates.

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“…Pal K et. al, 7 reported that E.coli (24.92%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.50%) were the most common followed by S.aures (16.52%). Mumtaz S et al, found S. aureus in (46.07%) followed by E.coli (13.7%) 8 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Aerobic Microbiological Profile in Vaginal Discharge Syndrome

Mahaseth

Malla

2018

J. Nepalgunj Med. College

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Introduction: Vaginal discharge syndrome consists of abnormal vaginal discharge, vaginal itching, painful urination and painful sexual intercourse, among them abnormal vaginal discharge is one of the most common clinical symptoms for which most of the female seek care for management in gynaecology and obstetrics outpatient department. Abnormal vaginal discharge in the women of reproductive age can lead to subfertility, ectopic pregnancy, early rupture of membrane, chronic pelvic pain and increases susceptibility for HIV virus and oncogenic virus. Objective: To identify aerobic microflora associated with vaginal discharge and find out most useful drugs for it. Material and Methods: A Hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur in November 2016 to November 2017. Ninety- five women who were at reproductive age group with vaginal discharge and met inclusion criteria participated in the study. Samples were taken from posterior fornix of vagina with the help of cotton swab following the confirmation of vaginal discharge by per speculum examination, culture and sensitivity was done. Result: The mean age of participants was 32.7±8.1. Out of 95 participant's samples, aerobic vaginal microfloras were grown in 18 (18.94%) participants and 77 (74.73%) samples was found to be sterile. E. coli and staphylococcus aureus (predominant aerobic vaginal flora) was grown in 7(38.88%). E. coli was sensitive with all available antibiotics in majority of samples showed sensitive to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, tobramycin and meropenam i.e 6 (85.71%) each followed by cefixime and cefpodoxime 5(71.42%), least sensitive with doxycycline 4(57.14%). Similarly, in majority of the samples Staphylococcus aureus was also found to be sensitive with doxycycline, ceftriaxone and meropenam 7(100%) each followed by tobramycin in 6(85.71%), ciprofloxacin and cefixime 2 (28.58%), least sensitive with cefpodoxime 1(14.29%). Meanwhile Ciprofloxacin and tobramycin 2(100%) found to be more effective for klebsiella pneumoniae and doxycycline, meropenam, cefixime and cefpodoxime was found to least effective 1(50%). Chloramphenicol was the only drug sensitive to streptococcus in total collected samples. However Acinetobacter was sensitive with ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline 1(100%) each but resistant with rest of the antibiotics like meropenam, tobramycin, cefixime and cefpodoxime 1(100%). Most microorganisms were found to be sensitive with ceftriaxone, tobramycin and meropenam 14 (77.77%) and was followed by doxycycline 13 (72.22%) and ciprofloxacin in 11 (61.11%). Cefpodoxime 11(61.11%) and cefixime10 (55.55%), they found poorly in sensitivity test. Conclusion: Bacterial culture and its sensitivity in vaginal discharge should be done not only because of its troublesome symptoms but for its complications like subfertility, preterm delivery, ectopic pregnancy and it's increased susceptibility for HIV and oncogenic virus. E. coli and staphylococcus were the predominant bacteria found in present study and were followed by klebsiella pneumoniae, streptococcus and acinetobacter. In this study, Ceftriaxone (85.7%) and meropenam (100%) were found to be more effective for E.coli and staphylococcus aureus respectively, ciprofloxacin could be used as a choice of drugs for E.coli (sensitivity 85.7%). However for staphylococcus, doxycycline was a better option with 100 % sensitivity.

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Etiology of vaginal infections and antimicrobial resistance pattern of aerobic bacterial isolates in women of reproductive age group attending a tertiary care hospital

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Vulvovaginitis Prevalence Among Women in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: Special Emphasis on Aerobic Vaginitis Causing Bacterial Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors

Vulvovaginitis Prevalence Among Women in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: Special Emphasis on Aerobic Vaginitis Causing Bacterial Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors

Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing-Bacteria Isolated From Pregnant Women With Genital Tract Infection in Duhok Governorate

Aerobic Microbiological Profile in Vaginal Discharge Syndrome

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